On this day—October 25, 1929 The Shaw Commission arrived in Jerusalem to investigate Arab massacres of Jews across Mandate Palestine. This was two decades before Israel’s independence. Arabs had killed 133 Jews brutally with axes, knives, and clubs in places like Jerusalem, Hebron, and Safed. Homes were looted, synagogues were destroyed, and survivors were raped and mutilated. The massacres were ongoing. There were another 57 Arab attacks against Jews as the Commission sat. The Grand Mufti later invoked the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and compared himself to Jesus, claiming Jews had denounced him. The Commission found the Arab attacks on Jews were driven by hostility to Jews in general and the notion of Jewish sovereignty anywhere in the Land. This was the conclusion before there were any “settlements,” “occupation,” or even a State of Israel.