Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_) header
Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_) profile picture

Non-Christian exploring Christianity out of fear of Jesus’s threat of eternal punishment and empathy for immediate family who are agonized by the thought

Minnesota, USA
Joined August 2021
Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)Photo by Baxter Williams (@BaxterWilliams_)
This is some really entertaining and insightful investigative journalism. A mental health professional (who is also Catholic) investigates the identity of one of America's most infamous exorcists who was hitherto anonymous.
Meanwhile Dr Richard Gallagher still hasn't gotten back to me (because I haven't emailed him)
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I've been using Gemini to help in my study of the historical development of "Hell", and even when I'm only using it as a search tool it gets things wrong all the time. Everything has to be double checked. Here is an example: 1/🧵
dont EVER use AI for studying theology, I am serious
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I was looking into history of the conflation of the concept of Gehenna with the concept of Hades and I spend over an hour today tracking down publicly available versions of the commentaries of Jerome all because of a false quote of Jerome Gemini completely fabricated.
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Translation collapse of "Hades" and "Gehenna" into a single word only occurred in the Germanic language tree (German, English, Norse), and even then it only occurred after 800 AD, as earlier Gothic translation (also a Germanic language) had no such collapse.
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All other language systems kept the two terms distinct in their translations. Latin, Syriac, Aramaic, Coptic, Ethiopian. None of them had this collapse.
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It's clear that Hades and Sheol were treated as basically interchangeable by the readers of the 1st Century, so I think it's not wrong to translate both those terms with a single word. I'm leaning towards "underworld" as most appropriate.
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Reminder that there is no divinely given right to liberty or pursuit of happiness in the Bible.
Presidential Message on Reformation Day: From the earliest days of our Republic, prayer and faith in Almighty God have stood as the foundation of our strength, the source of our unity, and the fount of our greatness. This Reformation Day, I send my best wishes to the countless Christians across our country commemorating the Protestant Reformation and its enduring message of salvation by God’s grace through faith in Jesus Christ. Five hundred years ago, William Tyndale — inspired by the work of Martin Luther — advanced the Protestant Reformation’s devotion to Holy Scripture through the publication of the first New Testament printed in English, shaping the language of the Bibles that would fortify the faith and resolve of America’s founding generation.  The Sacred Scriptures helped form the religious convictions that formed our young Nation’s founding ideals of God-given rights and individual liberty, a spiritual inheritance we honor as we continue to reflect on 250 glorious years of American Independence. The Bible remains a cornerstone of our Nation’s character and upholds our steadfast devotion to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Guided by an unwavering faith in Jesus Christ, my Administration is working to restore the moral and religious foundations that have sustained our Republic for generations. As President, I will always support citizens of faith and defend their place in the public square, honoring the enduring role of our churches in strengthening families, serving communities, and preserving the core values that have anchored us across the centuries. As Christians across our country unite in faith and fellowship this Reformation Day, I send my heartfelt prayers for a meaningful celebration and encourage each of you to draw renewed strength from God’s Word as we carry forward the blessings of faith and freedom throughout our beloved Nation. whitehouse.gov/briefings-sta…
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The right to liberty, as John Locke wrote about, was conceptualized out of a desire for religious liberty (to stop state-sponsored religious infighting) and a out of a rejection of the divine right of kings (which *is* a right in the Bible).
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Being able to read primary sources with no publicly available english translation has been a super nice benefit of LLMs, I gotta say.
Replying to @BaxterWilliams_
I did go to the primary source to confirn the numbers but as I can't read German I ended up relying on AI translation anyway... so I figured just screenshotting the AI summary was sufficient.
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I've been reading up on the history of "homosexuality" as a concept, and today I was reading letters and pamphlets from Karl Maria Kertbeny, and it is really interesting to see where the arguments are same as today and where they are different.
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I'm glad Kertbeny's term of "homosexuality" won out, because Ulrich's term of "Uranism" and "Urning" was just silly imo.
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The first ever statistical population survey on homosexuality and bisexuality from Germany in 1904 has very comparable numbers to modern Gallup polls in 2025.
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I did go to the primary source to confirn the numbers but as I can't read German I ended up relying on AI translation anyway... so I figured just screenshotting the AI summary was sufficient.
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My inability to read Hebrew, Greek, or latin is going to significantly slow my study, but I'll do the best I can with available resources in English.
So Tyndale is apparently the origin of sometimes translating "Sheol" as "grave" instead of "hell".
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What you trust is the foundation for what you believe. What you believe is the foundation for what you "know". The only possible exception is the immediate awareness (possibly describable as a "belief") that you exist. Do you trust your intuitions? Your reasoning? Your senses?
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This is why for a complete system of epistemology, one needs to start prior with a system of trust. One can start with a descriptive theory, merely observing and describing how people trust. But more interesting is the prescriptive side. What *should* one trust?
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Stories of the bodhisattvas made David Bentley Heart "anxious that Christians were in danger of being outdone in the love and mercy department". Full quote from That All Shall Be Saved below. Might need to click to see the full screenshot
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So Tyndale is apparently the origin of sometimes translating "Sheol" as "grave" instead of "hell".
I've decided to officially commit myself to a deep dive critical analysis on the topic of "Hell". Here's another one of the spreadsheets I'm making for the research phase. It's going to be a major theme of my posts for the next few months. teapawt.net/BaxterWilliams_/status…
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The reasoning for his translation choices here is not super clear. It might have something to do with his theory of "soul sleep", but it also could be correcting the English laity's improper understanding resulting from the "doom paintings". Still looking into it.
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I've had this theory since grad school, but I believe that much of our brain is, in modern terms, an "aritificial intelligence" (an unconscious neural net) that the conscious part trains through childhood so that it can take care of tasks without us paying full attention. 1/
Is there a word for this cause it sucks
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My original motivation for this theory was learning about the cerebellum and it's diseases. I had spent weeks trying to write a PID controller for my own robots in one class, and then learned about multilayer neural nets, and then I learned about the cerebellum. 2/
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I've decided to officially commit myself to a deep dive critical analysis on the topic of "Hell". Here's another one of the spreadsheets I'm making for the research phase. It's going to be a major theme of my posts for the next few months. teapawt.net/BaxterWilliams_/status…
If you make a parallel reading of all the times Jesus says "Hades" or "Gehenna", you will see that he says Hades in 3 traditions, and he says Gehenna in 5 traditions, but interestingly none of them are triple tradition.
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There is a great peace to be had for any who are willing to accept this.
Replying to @OrthodoxOrigen
There are no word police. There is no official dictionary of the heavens. There are only different groups that use words differently.
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Wow. Genuinely happy to hear this update. But I found it to be kind of funny how they couldn't resist the urge to drop their latest numbers in the press release.
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All that's needed is one last update to remove the shunning.
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If you make a parallel reading of all the times Jesus says "Hades" or "Gehenna", you will see that he says Hades in 3 traditions, and he says Gehenna in 5 traditions, but interestingly none of them are triple tradition.
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It's obviously not a large sample size, but I did find this interesting considering how common triple tradition material is.
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The cat has started laying on my lap again. Fall has officially begun.
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In "Mary's Room", Mary is a vision scientist with sight who has just not seen red. Why does this need to be a thought experiment? Many of us have senses we haven't exhausted the range of. Explain vantablack in excrutiating scientific detail to someone, and then show it to them.
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To someone who has never seen their blindspot cause a mark on a sheet of paper to disappear, explain to them in detail the anatomy of the retina and cause of nerve signaling. Then have them experience their blind spot. Ask them if they learned something. Many things like this.
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"Zero revival" is completely disingenuous and unserious. Any discourse on "consent" today is all about sexual restraint. Not being a slave to instints. Seeing your partners as more than sex toys. Etc. Insane to suggest that no "post-Christian" philosphers think this.
It’s true that Judeo-Christian morality is uniquely demanding on the topic of sex. But it’s not like non-Christian cultures had no moral norms on the issue. The Romans had sexual morality, even though they had no notion of sin or that gods cared much about anybody’s sexual life. Something which they strongly believed was that sexual restraint was good because it exercised man’s ability to restrain himself from all unproductive urges. Basically they believed that sexual restraint boosted self-control. This seems to me like a very commonsensical argument that at least merits attention and reflection. And yet it’s had zero revival of interest among post-Christian moral philosophers. Funny that.
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