Decentralized identity and governance for AI using the same same verifiable credentials we've deployed for people, orgs, devices. Co-founder Indicio.

USA/IRL
Joined May 2009
The PHP2Shell exploit shows why the era of "shared secret" access needs to end. You can patch, but you can also remove the underlying problem by using verifiable credentials for AI and people alike. My latest piece: indicio.tech/blog/php2shell-…
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Trevor Butterworth retweeted
Everyone should follow this account. It will break up the misery algorithm on X. Scroll his feed, and you'll get lost in the beauty of history!
No, this isn't the new Taylor Swift album cover. I've cleaned-up this remarkable colour photo, taken 113 years ago in August 1913, a year before the First World War. It is a portrait of 16-year-old Christina Bevan at Durdle Door in Lulworth, Dorset. It was taken by Lt-Colonel Mervyn O’Gorman using an early colour glass-plate process and isn't colourised. This was one of the first Autochromes I cleaned up for Twitter and I share it again with you because it is such a beautiful image 😍
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Trevor Butterworth retweeted
Quelques mots sur « Balance ton Claude », projet à travers lequel nous avons révélé que « C’était ça ou mourir », livre phénomène de la rentrée littéraire, est sans doute très largement rédigé par une IA. 1) Je n’étais pas seul ; il s’agissait d’un projet collectif. Les autres révéleront leur identité en temps voulu s’ils le souhaitent. 2) À tous ceux qui nous reprochent d’avoir nui à Orélien, pensez plutôt à l’auteur qui a passé des centaines d’heures sur son manuscrit pour écrire un magnifique livre, qui aurait mérité le Goncourt, et qui ne l’aurait pas eu. Aurait-il été plus juste de laisser cet auteur être floué ? Et des milliers de lecteurs être trahis ? Nous avons évidemment de la compassion pour les jours difficiles que doit vivre Orélien, et nous espérons qu’il est soutenu. Mais il nous a semblé être de notre devoir de lancer l’alerte. 3) Quelles étaient nos motivations ? Ceux qui me lisent savent que je mène, depuis un an, une reflexion sur les effets de l’IA sur nos vies. Pourtant plutôt techno-optimiste, je redoute qu’après plusieurs millénaires de civilisation fondée sur l’écrit, l’IA provoque la disparition de la lecture et de l’écriture. L’IA peut, et pourra de plus en plus (les tics d’écriture disparaîtront avec le progrès des modèles) produire des oeuvres exceptionnelles, en quasi autonomie. Le contenu humain sera (est déjà ?) noyé dans un océan de contenu IA d’excellente qualité. Un jour l’écrivain humain se dira : à quoi bon ? À quoi bon passer des centaines d’heures à me documenter, à réfléchir, à choisir mes mots pour être dans tous les cas soupçonnés d’avoir copié-collé Chat GPT (parce que certains trompent leurs lecteurs, le soupçon se généralisera) et pour ne pas être lu (l’attention humaine est une ressource finie ; plus elle est absorbée par du contenu IA, moins elle est allouée aux productions humaines) ? Pour preserver les incitations à écrire dans ce nouveau monde, il faudrait que les lecteurs puissent savoir s’ils ont affaire au texte d’un humain ou d’un robot, pour pouvoir, si tel est leur souhait, allouer disproportionnellement leur attention aux productions humaines. Je chéris donc l’existence de Pangram (entreprise dans laquelle je ne suis pas investisseur, même si cette théorie est amusante), tout en redoutant que le logiciel soit dépassé par les progrès des modèles. En disant ça, je ne pense pas uniquement aux écrivains, mais avant tout aux lecteurs. Les lecteurs semblent aimer lire un roman rédigé par une IA, mais uniquement… lorsqu’ils ne savent pas qu’il s’agit d’IA ! Or on peut collectivement s’aveugler un certain temps, mais le jour où la plupart des écrivains humains auront abandonné, le jour où chaque lecteur comprendra qu’il fait face, avec une forte probabilité, à la prose de Chat GPT, il cessera sans doute de lire. En effet, ce qui comble, dans la lecture d’un bon roman, voire d’un essai, n’est pas uniquement le fait de lire une suite de mots intéressante (même si cela compte !), mais aussi le fait de lire des mots qu’un autre humain a pensés, pesés, qui reflètent sa subjectivité et sa singularité. Et ainsi d’entrer, par cette lecture, en contact avec un autre esprit. L’être humain n’est pas fait pour rester longtemps isolé de ses semblables, or la lecture d’un roman rédigé par un humain le lie à l’un de ses semblables ; la lecture d’un roman produit par Chat GPT ne fait rien de tel. C’est pourquoi il est important de dénoncer les auteurs qui proposent un copié-collé de Chat GPT en prétendant qu’il s’agit de leur plume. Non seulement ils trahissent le pacte moral qui les lie à leur lectorat, mais en plus, ils contribuent à retirer, de façon déloyale (car ils mentent sur la nature de leur produit !) des lecteurs à ceux qui font encore l’effort de choisir leurs mots (et donc à décourager cet effort). Et surtout, ils contribuent à la généralisation du soupçon, ils érodent la présomption d’humanité dont bénéficie un texte face à de potentiels lecteurs. Ils précipitent l’avénement d’un monde où plus personne ne lira et n’écrira, avec toutes les regressions cognitives et culturelles que cela implique. (Je m’étonne d’ailleurs de voir certains écrivains ne pas comprendre qu’en défendant la démarche d’Orélien, ils scient la branche qui a permis à la littérature d’exister.) Entendons-nous bien : si des producteurs de contenu IA souhaitent concurrencer les écrivains humain, c’est leur droit le plus strict *du moment qu’ils ne mentent pas sur la nature de leur travail et qu’ils laissent donc les lecteurs choisir en connaissance de cause*. S’il se trouve que dans ces conditions, l’attention des lecteurs se porte toute de même massivement vers l’artificiel plutôt que l’authentique, les écrivains humains auront perdu à la loyale. Mais les réactions à l’affaire Orélien montrent que les lecteurs semblent avoir une forte préférence pour l’authentique. Le projet est donc né de ces préoccupations. Ni les idées politiques d’Orélien ni le thème de son livre ne nous importaient (ceux qui me lisent savent que mon combat contre le slop n’a rien de politiquement partisan). Il se trouve que des lecteurs attentifs nous ont parlé d’importants soupçons sur ce livre en particulier. Nous avons testé beaucoup d’autres livres ; aucun n’atteignait de tels scores d’IA. 4) Je pense (cela n’engage que moi, pas les autres membres du collectif) qu’un mauvais procès est fait aux jurys des prix littéraires et aux critiques ayant encensé ce livre. Le style du texte pouvait être pénible pour quiconque a l’habitude de discuter avec des LLM, mais pour les autres, l’admiration est compréhensible : si chaque mot de ce livre avait été choisi par un humain, il aurait sans doute fallu saluer une forme de génie dans le rythme de cette écriture, soutenue ainsi sur 250 pages. L’angle le plus profond dans cette polémique n’est pas la naiveté des jurys (nous serons tous, à un moment ou un autre, dépassés par les progrès de ces modèles), mais justement, cette vitesse de progression, illustrée ici par la capacité des IA non seulement à passer le test de Turing mais à remporter nos prix littéraires les plus prestigieux. Cela donne le vertige et soulève des questions existentielles sur la place de l’homme dans ce nouveau monde. 5) Merci à tous les médias, parmi lesquels Libération, France Info, France Inter, Le Huffington Post ou Les Échos, qui ont fait un travail d’enquête honnête et rigoureux pour établir la fiabilité de Pangram.
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I’ve long followed the evidence in the value of handwriting, being a passionate fountain pen user since the age of 8. All the evidence converges, which compensates to a degrees on the small scale nature of these studies (given the paucity of funding)
Writing by hand activates brain connectivity patterns that typing on a keyboard does not. A 2023 study in Frontiers in Psychology put electrodes on the heads of university students and found that handwriting triggered widespread neural connectivity across the brain, while typing produced almost none. The study was led by Audrey van der Meer at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She measured high-density brain waves in 36 students while they wrote words by hand with a digital pen and while they typed the same words on a keyboard. During handwriting, the brain showed increased connectivity between regions involved in movement, vision, and memory. During typing, the connectivity was significantly weaker. The difference comes from the motor demands of each task. Forming a letter by hand requires the brain to plan a unique shape, guide the hand through it, and receive visual feedback as the letter appears. Each letter is slightly different every time, and the brain has to adapt. Pressing a key on a keyboard is a uniform action that requires no shaping, no feedback loop, and no variation. The brain can do it on autopilot, and it does. The connectivity patterns observed during handwriting resembled the patterns seen during learning and memory formation, which is why students who take notes by hand remember more than students who type, even when the typists record more words. The hand is forcing the brain to process the information, while the keyboard lets it pass through unprocessed. Every school that replaced handwriting lessons with keyboard skills did it in the name of progress. The brain data says the thing we gave up was the thing that wired us to learn. The pencil was never just a pencil. It was a brain tool. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3834…
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Trevor Butterworth retweeted
Writing by hand activates brain connectivity patterns that typing on a keyboard does not. A 2023 study in Frontiers in Psychology put electrodes on the heads of university students and found that handwriting triggered widespread neural connectivity across the brain, while typing produced almost none. The study was led by Audrey van der Meer at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She measured high-density brain waves in 36 students while they wrote words by hand with a digital pen and while they typed the same words on a keyboard. During handwriting, the brain showed increased connectivity between regions involved in movement, vision, and memory. During typing, the connectivity was significantly weaker. The difference comes from the motor demands of each task. Forming a letter by hand requires the brain to plan a unique shape, guide the hand through it, and receive visual feedback as the letter appears. Each letter is slightly different every time, and the brain has to adapt. Pressing a key on a keyboard is a uniform action that requires no shaping, no feedback loop, and no variation. The brain can do it on autopilot, and it does. The connectivity patterns observed during handwriting resembled the patterns seen during learning and memory formation, which is why students who take notes by hand remember more than students who type, even when the typists record more words. The hand is forcing the brain to process the information, while the keyboard lets it pass through unprocessed. Every school that replaced handwriting lessons with keyboard skills did it in the name of progress. The brain data says the thing we gave up was the thing that wired us to learn. The pencil was never just a pencil. It was a brain tool. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3834…
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Trevor Butterworth retweeted
This is very moving.
One of the workers who cleans the 9/11 Memorial pool shares his story. He cleans the pool with another worker five nights a week, from midnight to 8 AM.
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Trevor Butterworth retweeted
A lot of people are missing Terence Tao’s point and thinking “mathematicians are upset that AI is better than them.” That’s not what he’s saying, and some people are forgetting that Tao is one of the most AI-pilled mathematicians out there. His point is that when people work on discovering something, along the way they invent new concepts. Those concepts later become useful far beyond the original goal, and enables further inventions. Finding a solution does matter, but the intermediate idea is often what makes the field richer, because other people can share it and build the next thing from it. In tech, we can use the analogy of collaborative software. We started with algorithms for merging changes in a Word document, and evolved that to concepts about versions, diffs, and merges, and later to real-time collaboration tools like Git, Google Docs, and Figma. Humans built upon these concepts and developed more powerful solutions. Terence’s worry is that a machine automating a solution robs the field of the value of developing the intermediate discoveries in the pursuit of larger discoveries. When automating a solution, the intermediate discoveries and invention of concepts can be buried or completely hidden in the black box. We don’t learn from them to build the next thing; it’s like we never made the invention of collaborative document editing and thus could not have the conceptual understanding to invent the next version – and since it’s hidden, we also don’t socialize them to allow other people to invent, too, a core tenet of collective discovery. So then, in both code and math, this leads to the atrophy of development of concepts in the field. In other words: pure ‘solution extraction’ that hides the process of discovery can leave the field with a checked-off theorem but little new insight or new questions to pursue. And it might prevent us from understanding a field deeper. I am seeing, first-hand, that atrophying of skills in software development. We push buttons and get solutions. There is much less incentive to develop new concepts and human skill. The bet most software companies are making is that LLMs are so effective in writing code that you’re still shipping overwhelmingly more value even with human skill atrophy, and it’s the right bet IMO. However, much of the software industry is built upon building things, not necessarily novel invention and research. In such an environment, you can say that you accept some atrophying of conceptual invention and human skill for more output. On the other hand, sectors like math and pure sciences that are focused on invention and insight might be the hardest hit by this. Practical/applied sciences might fall somewhere in the middle. An Alzheimer’s cure, room-temperature semiconductor, or highly effective carbon capture solution are far too valuable to sandbag and say only humans can do that to develop concepts in the ‘proper’ way. The outcome matters too much to treat the preservation of concept invention as the highest goal. Even there, though, hidden intermediates can slow the next breakthrough if nobody can see how the first one actually worked. So the question is not “is AI allowed to solve hard problems?” It is “in this field (math, science, tech, etc.), is the answer itself the main point, or are the concepts and abstractions we use to get there also the thing we need to maintain?”​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ In pure math, there’s an argument that the intermediates are often more useful than the solution, and atrophy in concept development is highly detrimental to the field. Solving Navier–Stokes, contrary to what some people claim, has little practical application, and pure math might be one of those fields where just finding a solution isn’t the entire point, and can actually be contrary to the field, which is what Tao is worried about.
as predicted, Terence Tao and friends are not happy Mathematicians that spend their lives trying to solve math problems are unhappy that AI is solving math problems because how dare they!
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Trevor Butterworth retweeted
This article about admin bloat by @ProfBarryLam is very important. It points out that one of the major drivers of the bureaucratic build out in academia is an over-reliance on bullshit EdTech software that makes everything worse while requiring a legion of flunkies to manage it.
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"When faced with non-human identity access management, we need to think of AI agents as superhuman identities, capable of reasoning and transacting at machine speed, turning a difference of degree into a difference of kind... " How we should govern AI: indicio.tech/blog/agentic-id…
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All the talk about sociology reminds me of the last time I was a speaker at an academic conference, hosted by a sociology department. One speaker, and I paraphrase slightly, said "scientists need to understand that science is just one among many cosmologies..." 1/
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But I suspect that this fiction is fragile and growing more so, and that practitioners of the sciences (for all their epistemic flaws, which are operational rather than metaphysical) would be appalled at how they are viewed by a segment of the humanities 3/
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After all the denunciation, one questioner, who worked in international development rolled her eyes into words; again, I paraphrase lightly: "all I hear is deconstruct this, and that; when are we going to construct something..."
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The Vineyard of Wrath Oliver Twisted The Brothers and Sisters Karamazov 1985
Okay, now the other way around. Make a novel bigger. I’ll go first: A Tale of Three Cities
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