ALT Two plots testing how neural-interface sampling affects cross-patient speech decoding. Decoding improves as electrode spacing becomes denser and as cortical grid coverage becomes broader. Aligned cross-patient models outperform patient-specific models at the highest electrode densities and broadest coverage, showing that both dense and broad sampling help recover shared neural structure.

ALT Plot of phoneme decoding accuracy as the amount of data available from a new patient is reduced. Across the full range, the aligned cross-patient model in purple performs better than the patient-specific model in blue, with an advantage still present when only 5 percent of the new patient’s data is available.

ALT Schematic from the paper showing neural state-space trajectories from two participants before and after alignment. Before alignment, the blue and red latent trajectories differ substantially. Canonical correlation analysis transforms the patient-specific latent dynamics so that the trajectories become more similar in a common neural space.

ALT Intracranial decoding results showing that the correct serial order of phonemes emerges during articulation and monitoring rather than being fully ordered during planning. Sensorimotor cortex also represents transitions between successive phonemes, suggesting that discrete speech units are dynamically transformed into continuous motor sequences.

ALT Time-resolved speech decoding shows that syllable representations emerge before phoneme representations, but the separation shrinks as speech approaches execution. The syllable-to-phoneme lag is about 250–350 milliseconds during planning, 110–130 milliseconds during articulation, and only 17–25 milliseconds during monitoring.

ALT “Planning happens first.” Data from intracranial recordings show a temporal cascade through the speech network. Prefrontal planning activity precedes sensorimotor articulation by a median 180 milliseconds, and articulation precedes auditory monitoring by 398 milliseconds. Participant-level functional connectivity shows the same ordering.

ALT Graphic announcing two new Cogan Lab papers. The Nature Human Behaviour paper asks how the brain turns a speech plan into fluent movement, illustrated as planning → articulation → monitoring. The Nature Communications paper asks whether a speech BCI can learn from other people, illustrated by neural activity from two individuals converging on a shared latent representation.