🛡️𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐨𝐧 𝐉𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 stands for change. The work we publish follows precise scholarly standards and helps define the current landscape, by assessing emergent technologies and elaborating on the past in all #security and #defence -related fields. 🔍 Contributors from around the world share their perspectives through our multimedia publication, relying on independent editorial policy. 📝 We welcome publications from all experts, practitioners, and professionals interested in sharing their opinion and increasing awareness and knowledge on security policy, #geopolitics and #law, #conflict and fragility, applied #military science and weapons #technology. For more information, visit our website tdhj.org/ Linktree buff.ly/7h4mieE #TDHJ

Learn more with #TDHJ about #defense & #security! #TDHJlearn What is meant by "grey zone warfare"?

🛡️With a salute from the Horizon, we welcome 𝐀𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐞́ 𝐊𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐦𝐨 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧, 𝐍𝐢𝐜𝐨 𝐇𝐮̈𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐧, and 𝐏𝐚𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐊𝐞𝐫𝐧, and "𝑬𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑻𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒏𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔"! 📡"This article examines how emerging 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘳𝘶𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘯𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘥𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨 1989–1993 𝘢𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘹𝘦𝘤𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘥𝘰𝘤𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘧 #𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘴 in the U.S. Armed Forces. 📊The analysis builds on an event-based cumulative coding process in which a selection of specific #doctrines, technological advancements, and named operations are treated as key events and coded on a stepped scale (-1, 0, +1) over two dimensions: doctrine (d) and practical implementation in operations (p). The codes are cumulatively summed and visualised using an iterative model. 🔍Technologies are treated in two tracks: as inhibitors of MC principles and as facilitators of MC principles. Tactical-level technologies are mostly supportive of such principles, whereas network-level implementations show degraded trust between command levels. The doctrinal revision of FM 100-5 in 1993 is consistent with the patterns identified in the model." 👉 Read the article by Berntsen, Hürlimann, and Kern on our journal at buff.ly/Jv2qjEh #TDHJ #TMAF

#Europe has the #defence capabilities. The question is whether we have the will to harness them. A packed day at Future Forces Forum 2026, with 500+ exhibitors showcasing everything from #tanks and #IFVs to autonomous systems, #drone swarms and containerised 3D-printing factories. The sheer breadth of European industrial capability was striking. Strategic autonomy is not a technological impossibility. Dependency is a choice—and need not be permanent. But amid the excitement around drones and unmanned systems, one reality stood out: The human being remains central to the battlefield. Technology is transforming warfare. It has not eliminated the soldier. #FFF2026 #Defence #EuropeanSecurity @Pastey_n

🛡️𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐨𝐧 𝐉𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 stands for change. The work we publish follows precise scholarly standards and helps define the current landscape, by assessing emergent technologies and elaborating on the past in all #security and #defence -related fields. 🔍 Contributors from around the world share their perspectives through our multimedia publication, relying on independent editorial policy. 📝 We welcome publications from all experts, practitioners, and professionals interested in sharing their opinion and increasing awareness and knowledge on security policy, #geopolitics and #law, #conflict and fragility, applied #military science and weapons #technology. For more information, visit our website at 👉 tdhj.org/ and Linktree at ➡️ buff.ly/7h4mieE #TDHJ

🛡️October is the 𝑬𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑪𝒚𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒉 and The Defence Horizon Journal intends to celebrate it also by sharing research from other journals and fostering global debate on strategic and international topics. 👾Today, we focus on the article '𝐷𝑢𝑎𝑙-𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝐸𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒'𝑠 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝐶𝑦𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠' by 𝐀𝐧𝐢𝐫𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐚 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐤, a student attending a Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering at #Kalinga University, India. His study explores the transformative role of #ArtificialIntelligence (AI) in modern #cybersecurity, examining both its #defensive capabilities and potential vulnerabilities. The investigation demonstrates that machine learning algorithms, when properly trained on extensive datasets, can identify and respond to cyber threats in real-time, significantly reducing the detection and response timeframe from days to seconds. Furthermore, the study examines the integration of Natural Language Processing (#NLP) in cybersecurity applications, especially its role in detecting phishing attempts and analyzing #threat intelligence. The findings indicate that while #AI substantially enhances cybersecurity capabilities through automated #security protocols and adaptive algorithms, it also introduces new challenges that require careful consideration. A notable contribution is the comparative analysis of pre- and post-AI/ML integration metrics in cybersecurity operations, which demonstrates significant improvements in threat detection accuracy, incident response time, and resource allocation efficiency. 📃Read Pathak's article at buff.ly/pHfy4Kz #TDHJ #TDHJconnects #EuropeanCybersecurityMonth

🛡️With a salute from the Horizon, we welcome 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐮𝐫 and "𝐶𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐵𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑠: 𝐸𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒'𝑠 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑔𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑐 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒"! 🗽⚖️🌍 "In a world of resurgent #unilateralism, what strategic space remains for #Europe within a transatlantic framework increasingly shaped exclusively by #U.S. decision-making?" Read Lempereur's article at 👉 buff.ly/dQn0sKr #TDHJ

👮‍♀️The transitional Syrian authorities have imposed admissions rules that bar #Women from most college programs focused on #Defense and #Security. At TDHJ, we believe in gender equality and in women’s #rights. We are open to listening to opinions and fostering a 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍 dialogue. 👉To what extent, do you think this choice should be reconsidered? And, if you are willing to share it, why? #TDHJpolls

🛡️ With a salute from the Horizon, we welcome Luís Fernando Machado Barroso and Pedro Nuno Antunes Ferreira, and "Emerging Technologies In Military Training"! 🪖🤖 "How should the model of education for small unit commanders be reformulated to prepare them for a technologically saturated and transparent #battlefield?" Read Barroso and Ferreira's article at 👉 buff.ly/hqldMoM #TDHJ #TMAF

🛡️𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐨𝐧 𝐉𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 stands for change. The work we publish follows precise scholarly standards and helps define the current landscape, by assessing emergent technologies and elaborating on the past in all #security and #defence -related fields. 🔍 Contributors from around the world share their perspectives through our multimedia publication, relying on independent editorial policy. 📝 We welcome publications from all experts, practitioners, and professionals interested in sharing their opinion and increasing awareness and knowledge on security policy, #geopolitics and #law, #conflict and fragility, applied #military science and weapons #technology. For more information, visit our website at 👉 tdhj.org/ and Linktree at ➡️ buff.ly/7h4mieE #TDHJ

At #TDHJ, we publish #defence and security-related articles from knowledgeable researchers, practitioners, and military officers, but we also share research from experts from all around the world in order to foster global debate on strategic and international topics. 🪖 In '𝑴𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚: 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔', Vernon Noel Bennett, retired military officer and a Non-Resident Fellow at the Centre for Strategic Studies, #Victoria University of #Wellington, explores how the concept of military #interoperability has become a common term pertaining to multinational #military operations, #defence relationships, and force development. 🔍 Much of the research on military interoperability has been conducted from the perspective of large partners, with less attention paid to how small #states participate in these relationships. This article develops the 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 to identify general considerations that influence the decisions they make and the relationships they develop. These considerations include the nature and purpose of the relationship, how it reflects their sovereignty or agency, the value and utility of their participation, and the capacity and capability of their military systems, all within the wider framework of their strategic, #security and #internationalrelations. #TDHJconnects buff.ly/r5B5n9B

🛡️ With a salute from the Horizon, we welcome Michael Mackiewicz and "AI, Human Judgment, And Decision Reliability In High-Tempo Military Operations"! 🪖 "Artificial intelligence is increasingly embedded in modern #military operations, influencing how commanders interpret #sensor #data, assess #threats, and make rapid #decisions under pressure. While #AI improves situational awareness and accelerates operational tempo, it also introduces vulnerabilities such as fabricated outputs, misclassifications, and opaque #decision processes. 📊 Human factors - including #stress, #uncertainty, and organisational pressure - further complicate decision reliability, especially in compressed timelines. This article uses a #SWOT analysis to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with AI-enabled #battlefield decision-making. It also examines how human judgment interacts with AI recommendations and identifies doctrinal and oversight mechanisms needed to preserve stability in modern #conflict environments." Read Mackiewicz's article at 👉 buff.ly/Txv2QGe #TDHJ

What does the acronym A2/AD stand for in a #military context? Learn more with #TDHJ about #defense & #security!

🌍 Independent defence journalism matters. At The Defence Horizon Journal, we're committed to exploring the issues shaping global #security, #defence and #geopolitics. 🚀 Help us grow. Support independent analysis and become part of our mission on @Patreon. 👉 patreon.com/6801747/join

With a salute from the Horizon, we welcome Yordan Katsarov and "AI Driven Simulation For Officer Training: Bridging Theory And Practice"! "How can #military education move beyond static, theory-heavy instruction to integrate #AI-driven #simulations that realistically prepare officers for complex, tech-driven operations?" #TDHJ #TMAF buff.ly/tBPOtMx

🌍 Independent defence journalism matters. At The Defence Horizon Journal, we're committed to exploring the issues shaping global #security, #defence and #geopolitics. 🚀 Help us grow. Support independent analysis and become part of our mission on @Patreon. 👉 patreon.com/6801747/join

🌐 In the evolving landscape of great-power competition, weak #states increasingly rely on hybrid and asymmetric strategies to resist coercion from militarily superior adversaries. #𝐕𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐳𝐮𝐞𝐥𝐚 represents a prominent example of this dynamic. 🛡️ For much of the past decade, the Venezuelan state faced comprehensive #𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 #economic sanctions, financial isolation, and recurrent #military signalling in the Caribbean. In response, Caracas developed a survival-oriented #defence posture combining irregular capabilities, informational operations, #proxy networks, and external partnerships with Russia, Iran, and China. The article 'Can the Weak Resist the Strong?: Venezuela’s Hybrid Asymmetric Options Against U.S. Coercion' by Jithin Raveendran, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of International Relations and Politics at the Central #UniversityofKerala, #India, investigates how 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐚𝐤, 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞-𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲 𝐡𝐲𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐝 #𝐚𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞, 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐲, 𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 from a stronger opponent. 💡 This study argues that Venezuela’s asymmetrical resistance strategy reflects what the article terms 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞. Rather than attempting to defeat the United States militarily or prevent intervention outright, the Venezuelan state has pursued a strategy aimed at generating friction across multiple domains - #maritime, informational, proxy, and #diplomatic - to complicate escalation and raise the #political and operational costs of coercive action, by exploiting their structural, informational, and psychological vulnerabilities. 📝 The research employs a qualitative, theory-informed case study grounded in the literatures on asymmetric #conflict, hybrid #warfare, and #deterrence theory. Data are drawn exclusively from open-source materials, including defence analyses, declassified reports, #academic publications, and verified media sources between 2019 and 2026. #TDHJconnects buff.ly/qflxhuU

With a salute from the Horizon, we welcome Shammi Thakur and "Why Missile Defence Now Depends On Resilient Sensors And Command Networks"! "Can existing #missile-defence architectures preserve an effective detection-to-engagement pathway when mixed #threats compress #decision time and simultaneous #cyber, #electromagnetic, #organisational, and #sustainment pressures weaken the network supporting that pathway?" #TDHJ buff.ly/HKrlNOU

🪐 At 𝐓𝐃𝐇𝐉, we were looking for the #𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐖𝐞𝐞𝐤💫, the largest annual #space event in the world! 🛰️ On 4 October 1957, the launch into outer space of the first human-made Earth satellite, Sputnik 1, opened the way for space exploration. On 10 October 1967, the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies entered into force. By resolution 54/68 of 6 December 1999, the UN General Assembly proclaimed World Space Week, to 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 🔭 Every year a theme is selected by the World Space Week Association Board of Directors in coordination with the UN Office of Outer Space Affairs. 👩‍🚀 Today, the 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐀𝐟𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐫𝐬 (#𝐔𝐍𝐎𝐎𝐒𝐀) is the United Nations office responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. It serves as the secretariat for the General Assembly's only committee dealing exclusively with international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space: the 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐔𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 (#𝐂𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐎𝐒). #TDHJCelebrates

From #deepfake -driven #socialengineering to attacks targeting AI systems, AI is reshaping the threat landscape. In your view, what's the biggest #cybersecurity risk posed by #AI today? #TDHJ