📚 From the JFR Library: This month we recommend Saints and Liars: The Sto­ry of Amer­i­cans Who Saved Refugees from the Nazis by Debórah Dwork. Visit our website (🔗 in bio) to read a review

October 23, 1951 23 Jewish orgs & reps from the gov't of @Israel gathered in New York to determine the pathway for negotiating reparations from Germany for the suffering and loss caused by Nazi crimes during the Holocaust. The group established the @ClaimsCon 📷: @ClaimsConf

STORY OF RESCUE Henry & Ellen Margrethe Christen were innkeepers in #Denmark in 1943 when Hitler began deporting the local Jews to Theresienstadt Concentration Camp. They used their inn to facilitate the escape of nearly 1k Jewish refugees Learn more: (🔗 in bio)

October 1941 Construction began on the Majdanek concentration camp near Lublin

October 19, 1933 Germany withdrew from the League of Nations

October 16, 1943 Over 1,000 Jews were arrested in Rome and deported to Auschwitz 📷: Hanna Rawicz walking along a street in Rome with friends before she went into hiding in a convent

October 16, 1946 Hermann Göring committed suicide just two hours before the scheduled execution of major Nazi war criminals sentenced at the Nuremberg Trials 📷: @HolocaustMuseum, courtesy of Jerrold Siegal

October 1943 Jørgen Kieler was active in the Danish resistance. He was captured by the Germans and sent to Neuengamme and Porta Westphalica concentration camps. Jørgen Kieler helped rescue nearly 1,000 Danish Jews. #Hero

October 14, 1943 Inmates in the Sobibor death camp began a violent revolt, resulting in the escape of 300 prisoners, most of whom were later caught & killed. Two days later, and after Sobibor claimed the lives of an estimated 167k Jews, Himmler ordered the destruction of the camp

October 1941 Construction of Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp began. Himmler ordered the construction of a second, much larger facility three kilometers away from the original camp known as Auschwitz I.

October 12, 1940 The Nazis ordered the creation of the Warsaw ghetto. By May 1943, the number of Jews forced to live in the ghetto exceeded 400,000

October 8, 1939 The first German-enforced Jewish ghetto was established in Piotrków Trybunalski, #Poland

October 7, 1944 Members of the Sonderkommando revolted & set fire to Auschwitz-Birkenau's crematorium IV using gunpowder smuggled by Ala Gertner 📷: Ala Gertner 📷: A member of an int'l commission of inquiry views the ruins of one of the crematoria in Auschwitz

October 6, 1938 Following the Munich Conference, Germany annexed the Sudetenland

October 5, 1938 At Switzerland’s request, the passports of German Jews were required to be marked with the letter “J” for Jude (Jew) 📷: Erna Steckerl's adjusted passport with a red "J" and the imposed middle name "Sara"

Please join us in wishing a happy birthday to #JFRrescuer Witold L. from Poland who is turning 94 years old! 🎂🎉

STORY OF RESCUE Irena Sendler was living in Warsaw, Poland in Oct. 1940 when Nazis confined the city’s 400k Jews to a ghetto. Irena joined an underground resistance organization, the Zegota, where she helped children escape Visit our website (🔗 in bio) to learn more

October 1, 1943 Germans began rounding up Jews for deportation from #Denmark

📚 From the JFR Library: This month, we recommend The Holocaust by Bullets: A Priest’s Journey to Uncover the Truth Behind the Murder of 1.5 Million Jews, by Father Patrick Desbois Click to read a review: visit our website (🔗 in bio)

STORIES OF RESCUE Nina Dorotsenkovsky risked her life to hide Yakov Lysyi, a Jewish man, beginning in the Fall of 1941 following his escape from a POW camp and discovery of his family's murder in the Babyn Yar Massacre Visit our website (🔗 in bio) to learn more #JFRrescuer