Since @C_3C_3 wants to play dumb and only give you a headline to enrage and deceive you — let me explain. The Judge in this case, U.S. District Judge David S. Leibowitz, DID NOT say noncitizen voting itself is lawful, or that states cannot punish it. He wrote that Florida already can and does prohibit the same conduct under State law, and that this order does not decide that question. Judge Leibowitz wrote that 18 U.S.C. § 611 "is a voter qualification statute, and the Constitution does not authorize Congress to legislate voter qualifications for federal elections." AND HE IS CORRECT. He further wrote: "Congress has no power to say who can vote or who cannot vote in federal elections—that foundational power is reserved for the States." AND HE IS CORRECT. Article I, Section 2, and the 17th Amendment tie the qualifications of voters in House and Senate elections to the qualifications EACH STATE SETS for its own lower house. The Elections Clause lets Congress regulate the "Times, Places and Manner" of congressional elections, not who is qualified to vote. Congress's own annotated Constitution states that distinction, and the Supreme Court repeated it in Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council (2013). Justice Scalia’s majority opinion in Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., 570 U.S. 1 (2013), Part III stated: "Arizona is correct that the Elections Clause empowers Congress to regulate how federal elections are held, but NOT WHO MAY VOTE IN THEM." "The Constitution prescribes a straightforward rule for the composition of the federal electorate. Article I, §2, cl. 1, provides that electors in each State for the House of Representatives “shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature,” and the Seventeenth Amendment adopts the same criterion for senatorial elections. Cf. also Art. II, §1, cl. 2 (“Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct,” presidential electors)." "One cannot read the Elections Clause as treating implicitly what these other constitutional provisions regulate explicitly. “It is difficult to see how words could be clearer in stating what Congress can control and what it cannot control. Surely nothing in these provisions lends itself to the view that voting qualifications in federal elections are to be set by Congress." "This allocation of authority sprang from the Framers’ aversion to concentrated power. A Congress empowered to regulate the qualifications of its own electorate, Madison warned, could “by degrees subvert the Constitution.” 2 Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, p. 250 (M. Farrand rev. 1966)." IN OTHER WORDS — U.S. District Judge David S. Leibowitz was CORRECT in his ruling dumbass @C_3C_3