ℂ𝕙𝕣𝕚𝕤 ℝ𝕠𝕓𝕖𝕣𝕥𝕤

Hey, testtakers: Test 3 grades are posted. Average = 77%. If you didn't receive a grade, check your Blackboard messages.

Hey, testtakers: ZZ Top's "Heard it on the X" is about Mexican radio stations. Stations are "X" in Mexico, "C" in Canada, and usually "K" west and "W" east of the Mississippi River. youtube.com/watch?v=adnNrK11…

Hey, testtakers: Tuesday is Election Day, which is why you've seen lots of recent pictures of politicians smiling as they hand over large cardboard checks to libraries and other organizations. Such photos are "pseudo-events" in hopes of seeking news coverage.

Hey, testtakers: Know your news values (impact, timeliness, currency, prominence, proximity, conflict and bizarre.) And be able to apply them based on reading headlines.

Hey, testtakers: It doesn't cost much to make the second (or millionth) copy of a song, book, or other software. That's a low marginal cost.

Hey, testtakers: "Technological determinism" suggests that tech affects how we think and act. (I don't have to remember stuff, because my phone remembers it for me.)

Hey, testtakers: Are media liberal? Conservative? Centrist? Yes. (This is why "media is..." honks me off.)

Hey, testtakers: This message on X is free for me to send and free for you to read. X makes its money by selling ads. This media economic model, with advertising and not subscribers paying the bills, began in the 1830s with the New York Sun and the "penny press." #LastTip

Hey, testtakers: Want to make money by selling music or books. Expect to get royalties, a percentage of sales. Royalties are for first sales, not "used" copies of books or music. (And artists aren't paid for radio play unless they own publishing rights.)

Hey, testtakers: The Associated Press played a key role in introducing "objective" journalism. But it had as much to do with money than ethics, as sending opinionated info meant alienating papers that didn't share that opinion.

It's always nice when you're "echoed" in an academic paper: "Toward a Theory of Justice for Journalists: Reimagining News Coverage Through the Veil of Ignorance" by UTexas' Deborah M. Pastner in the Journal of Media Ethics.

Here's a brand-new piece from @Poynter about the Cherry Sisters, whom I mention about the First Amendment right to state opinions. From an 1896 review: "Miss Jessie narrowly escaped being pretty, but her sisters never were in any such danger." poynter.org/ethics-trust/202…

Hey, testtakers: Test 2 scores are posted. Average grade was 78.3%, which is better than the first test. See you Wednesday. Read Chapter 5 before class.

Hey, testtakers: Remember PACI to remember the order of protection given to political, artistic, commercial and indecent speech. #LastTip

Hey, testtakers: A true scientific survey cannot be taken of people in an airport lounge. Every person in the group (citizens, students, air travelers) must have an equal chance of being randomly selected.

Hey, testtakers: Had I been a Utah hockey fan and gone to the NHL game last night, I might not have cheered around Blue Jackets fans. That’s “spiral of silence” theory, because we tend to hide our real beliefs when we’re in the minority.

Hey, testtakers: This painting at a Columbus hotel reminds us that images do not make assertions. (You bring your own meaning and interpretation to this image.)

If I write that Columbus-based Nationwide is bad, I cannot be sued. Opinion is protected speech. (Also, it’s not my insurance company.)

Hey, testtakers: An American flag waves next to Ohio’s flag near its Capitol. It’s legal to burn a U.S. flag (that you own) according to a Supreme Court decision. Also: Remember that legal and ethical are not always the same thing.