Charted: 100 Years of Gold Prices 📈

The 9 Rare Earth Elements Behind Modern Robotics Robot motors and actuators run on Nd and Pr magnets, with Dy and Tb added for heat resistance. Er and Yb enable LiDAR, and Eu, Tb and Y are used in displays. A humanoid robot can use dozens of these motors, and over 97% of humanoid shipments in the first half of 2026 came from Chinese manufacturers. Created in collaboration with @sprott. #RareEarths #CriticalMinerals #Robotics #HumanoidRobots

Charted: The 2040 Copper Supply Gap 📉 Wood Mackenzie projects a copper supply deficit of about 9.1 million tonnes per year by 2040. The estimate already includes base production, mine life extensions and a 70% conversion rate for probable projects. Closing a gap of that size will require new large-scale projects. Reko Diq in Balochistan is one of the largest copper projects in development, with Phase 1 and Phase 2 together planned to produce around 460,000 tonnes per year at full capacity. Meeting 2040 demand would take roughly 20 projects of that scale. Learn more about Pakistan’s role in future copper supply at the Pakistan Minerals Investment Forum, 12 and 13 November. Register for PMIF26 at pakminforum.com #PMIF #PMIF2026

Mapped: Pakistan’s Metallogenic Zones 🗺️ Pakistan’s mineral deposits follow its tectonic history. This map shows the country’s main metallogenic zones and the mines and projects within them, marked as operational, development or exploration. In the west, the Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Arc hosts the copper-gold porphyry systems at Reko Diq, Siah Diq and Saindak. In the north, the Kohistan and Karakoram zones contain placer gold and antimony. The ophiolite belts are the main source of chromite, and the Sulaiman and Kirthar fold belts host lead, zinc and barite. Learn more about Pakistan’s mining sector at the Pakistan Minerals Investment Forum, 12 and 13 November. Register for PMIF26 at pakminforum.com #PMIF #PMIF2026

Rare Earths Inside the F-35 Fighter Jet🔍

Zinc in Everyday Use 🔍 Wind turbines, bridges, roads, crops and cars. Its biggest job is protecting steel from rust.

Mapped: Pakistan’s Rare Earth Potential 🌏 Rare earth elements are used in electronics, electric motors and wind turbines. This map shows where rare earth occurrences have been identified across Pakistan, grouped by deposit type: carbonatite, laterite and ion-adsorption clay. In the north, occurrences are linked to the alkaline rocks of the Peshawar Plain and the Mansehra Granite. In the south, they are found in coastal black sands. Learn more about the future of Pakistan’s mining supply chain with @pakminforum. Register for PMIF26 at pakminforum.com #PMIF #PMIF2026