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For those that want a “15 years later” update on whether fracking was safe:
- Since 2010, 300,000 shale wells were fracked all across the United States
- No groundwater issues
- Nobody got sick
- Hotspots of drilling are thriving
You were lied to.
2.5 years since this post.
Only now are geothermal investors starting to get a glimpse of what they’ve actually invested in.
Long way to go until the risks are fully understood by the market
Ooooof. Short report from Morpheus research on $FRVO Fervo Energy released last week looks brutal.
Deep technical breakdown, interviews with ex-employees. Very thorough.
Haven’t read the full report (long read), so won’t lazily share it. But it’s google-able if interested.
Got through it. Worth sharing now.
Certain questions in the report are possibly addressable over time. The bigger technical concerns that aren’t “fixable” (if real) are pretty spot on.
morpheus-research.com/fervo/
For a one time cost of $500 I built a much worse version of a $30,000/yr software.
It has 10% of the features, but it’s 2x better for my specific workflows.
The age of single use software has arrived. And productivity is about to skyrocket.
1/2
Fervo Prediction - Megathread
Alright. Here’s my guess on how the enhanced geothermal thing plays out. A focus on Fervo given they’re the only public name in the space. $FRVO
Before I get into it, just have to say - I hope this plays out differently than I think it will. I do hope it works. The world will be a better place if it does.
But the reality is, at this pivotal moment in time, missed deadlines on power delivered has a larger impact than just “dinging” the companies responsible for the misses. So, rigorous critique is necessary.
My view is a company like Fervo and enhanced geothermal is wildly more uncertain than anybody realizes. And yes, this means companies like Google, a search engine company, doesn’t quite understand the technical dynamics of a power plant that is 8000’ below the surface. So, here’s my best guess on how Fervo plays out. It is the ultimate case of building a plane while flying it.
— 2026 —
2026: Fervo continues to show a good hand prior to any projects coming online. The story sounds good when the go-to metric is drilling days per well vs actual volumes of power delivered. The show starts when those electrons are expected to flow.
— 2027 —
2027: First power from their first project is delayed by a few months due to things largely out of their control. Not a huge deal. People largely look past it. Actual operational issues aren’t mentioned until the project comes online.
1H 2027: Once the project is technically online, reaching “full capacity” will also be delayed. But this time the delay is longer (6-12 months) due to a mix of unforeseen downhole issues (well issues, circulation issues, water loss issues) and surface issues. The downhole issues will be downplayed due to the lack of insight and investor understanding. The surface issues will be harder to downplay (investors can see and understand this better, thus more questions). The focus will be to direct attention on the parts of their project that work (the occasional spot rates of good deliverability). You will not hear about total production over a quarter or forecast for the year, or any project level costs. Expect actual production to be 50% of what was expected. Think “we exceeded our nameplate capacity this week” instead of saying “we expect to deliver 42% of our nameplate capacity for the year and spent an extra $200 mil to do that”.
2H 2027, market has turned from elated at the potential of EGS to now spooked. Fervo says they’ve identified the issue and have learned how to fix it.
2H 2027: The initial project continues to perform at <50% of expected power production while the “fix” is in the works. And again, this refers to total power produced over a long period. Beware of the company reporting spot rates. They try to focus attention on the next project while the first project limps along. They have moments of strong deliverability (days/weeks), but actual quarterly power delivered is nowhere near what was promised.
2H 2027: The “fix” (as communicated, not reality) drill new wells and hope that works (they promise it will). What few wells they do have online and producing, some must be shut down during drilling and completions of the new wells for safety and operational reasons. Project power goes down even more during these fixes (12+ months)
FY 2027: Project produces a total of < 50% of the expected power, and due to the additional cost of the fixes they are > 50% over budget. Meanwhile, the next project is being drilled. None of these numbers will be communicated clearly. It is up to investors to ask these questions directly.
2/2
— 2028 —
2028: The mantra is the same “we know the issues and how to fix them. We’ve redesigned it all. We’ve pivoted to drill a different type of resource that is hotter. That’ll fix it”. They mention the impact of the makeup wells having a big positive impact. Full project costs won’t be mentioned, just the incremental power from the makeup wells. “Ignore the sunk costs, look at this instead”. The performance of this project will be swept under the rug and a new shiny object will show up.
2028: Some investors believe things are fixed. Most investors are already out. Company purely in the penalty box until they can prove their system works (something that should have been the case prior to going public). It’s difficult to predict investor sentiment. IF the owners of Fervo were oil and gas investors, it would be shredded to zero at this point. But there’s a chance the “believers” (who don’t necessarily have a technical background) keep this thing pumped up. Who knows.
The big problem with fixing this mid-flight is these are $200 million mega projects that take 18+ months to execute. In oil and gas, they bring on new projects every few weeks. Relatively easy to “move on” and gain investor confidence back. Fervo’s projects hit every few years. When you’re in the penalty box, that’s very very bad. The importance of this dynamic cannot be overstated.
2H 2028: New projects start to come online with “gen 3” designs (this doesn’t mean anything). Meanwhile, long term performance data (12-18 months) from first project is in, and the results indicate more design changes are needed due to faster than expected thermal declines, higher than expected water losses, and surface issues, but $500mm-$1bn of capital has already been sunk into the ground in follow up projects with the wrong designs. This largely won’t be communicated.
2H 2028: New issues emerge in the follow up projects due to new geologic conditions (faults, fractures, things you can’t see).
2H 2028: New issues emerge on surface (water availability, surface equipment issues, transmission issues, commercial issues).
FY 2028: More delays. More fixes. OPEX coming in hot while trying to fix the issues, meanwhile power is < 50% vs modeled. Massive capex needs ahead of them. Again, the severity of the issues won’t be communicated clearly.
— 2029 —
2029: Offtakers spooked, investors spooked, stock price too low to raise meaningful capital without unreasonable dilution.
2029: Company shrinks back to developing smaller niche projects, redeveloping more conventional geothermal with advanced methods. Prize is 1% the size of what was promised with “EGS everywhere”, but it works. Just at a very small scale.
— 2030 —
2030: New projects ($100mm vs $1bn) are economic, but slow and not scalable outside of where these geologic anomalies exist and are already being developed (think, Ormat). Confined primarily to existing geothermal fields that are getting juiced with new methods.
— 2031+ —
2031-2036: additional project types added. Business is developing economic projects. Small scale, but it works. In 2033 their first project, Cape Station, finally decommissioned due to thermal declines. 15 years prior to modeled expectations. Equity investors in these projects get wiped. Project finance investors only see 50% of what they put in. Offtakers are sitting there without their power. Oof.
2038: 12 years after IPO, business has finally clawed back to IPO levels. Growing at 5-10% per year.
2039: the decommissioned project at cape station turned into a museum. MBA students are required to visit the museum as a lesson as to why you don’t place a $5bn valuation on a business that‘s tasked with building a plane while flying it.
Here are the only 3 factors that truly matter for Enhanced Geothermal System companies (ie, $FRVO):
1) How much will it cost
2) What are the capacity factors over time (downhole/surface performance)
3) What are the costs to operate it
If a pitch deck doesn’t cover this…Run.
I’ll give my brief take on this interview Smith gave of nat gas long term. In short, I respectfully disagree.
Smith’s thesis relies heavily on a single monster assumption which would take the story down if not true: If primary basins today can’t fill demand, nat gas prices 🚀
If we were reliant on primary basins to fill demand, that would be true. But that’s not the case.
The last 15 years our industry has been lulled into thinking the only basins with meaningful resource is Appalachia, the Haynesville, and the Permian. This is not true. Those are just the basins that work at $3/mcf.
When you make small increases in nat gas prices (ie, $4-5/mcf) there are vast reserves across the L48 that would be activated. None of them on their own are large enough to move the needle, but when you’ve got 50 small programs each capable of growing to 0.5 bcfd, thats more meaningful than finding a new monster gas basin.
None of those small programs are being modeled today. Nobody has “300 mmcfd coming from a no name private operator in the piceance” or “400 mmcfd from a new operator in Mississippi” in their model. But when you look at the economics of those programs at $4/mcf, they make a hell of a lot of sense to drill. I’ve seen these deals and projects. They’re popping up everywhere at an accelerated pace. With increased confidence in a $4 world, they will get funded, and those volumes will show up.
Over the last 20 years the nat gas business has become hyper concentrated in the hands of a few key players in a few key basins. The next 20 years what I believe you’ll see in a $4-5 world is a much more distributed network of nat gas producers who make a killing at those prices.
We had 100 nat gas operators, we now have 5. What I believe Matt and many others miss is in 10 years, in a $4-5/mcf world, it’s likely we once again have 100 nat gas operators across the L48.
You model that and the thesis of nat gas going to the moon completely crumbles. That flawed thesis is underpinned by a complete disregard of what new nat gas teams are capable of delivering if they were given even a moderate opportunity ($4/mcf).
I’m bullish relative to strip today, but the idea of runaway nat gas prices over the long term is highly improbable. There’s simply too much talent, resource, and $ sitting on the sidelines that would storm the field at $4-5/mcf.
Matthew Smith has spent the last 18 months modeling every well, pipeline, storage facility, and power plant in the American natural gas system.
His conclusion is that the US is heading toward a natural gas shortage with no precedent, beginning in 2028.
By 2030, he believes we could exhaust our working natural gas storage entirely.
The fuel everyone in AI is counting on, and that everyone assumes is abundant, is not there.
And because gas sets the price of electricity in most of the country, he argues Americans will pay for the shortage in their power bills.
Matthew has worked in energy markets for over 20 years and is the CIO of Chronometer Partners.
This is his second time on the show, and he's one of my favorite people to talk to about energy.
We discuss:
- Why the bottleneck is moving from power to fuel
- Why we can't just shut off exports
- 2028 as the inflection point
- Large-scale nuclear v. SMRs
- Who wins, who loses, and what can still be done
Enjoy!
TIMESTAMPS
0:00 Intro
1:30 What Drives the Deficit
11:00 Why Supply Can’t Catch Up
20:35 The 2030 Gas Crisis
25:05 Winners and Losers
29:00 Nuclear and Solar
33:30 Consumers Pay the Bill
37:20 AI’s Next Shortage
45:25 Solutions and Global Stakes
51:15 The Coming Gas Knife Fight
…cont…last point…
Here’s the smoking gun highlighting the critical flaw in their methodology, point #2 from the paper they published:
“2. We model most relevant public companies and most relevant private companies in our
universe, asset by asset, bottom up.”
Of course they did that. And of course their conclusion is what it is.
The reality of the situation is this: The “most relevant” public and private companies today are not the most relevant influence on future US nat gas supply. They’re just not.
And when you only focus on the big boys in established plays (with dwindling inventory) you completely miss the collective behemoth that’s waiting for a sustained 4 handle. If/when that hits, people will finally be reminded how deep the nat gas bench is in this country.
Hold on. So you’re telling me:
A company tasked w/ needing to achieve perfection in well to well communication in the harshest, most costly, most erratic geo environment… AND has no cost data, long term production history, or OPEX info…
They’re NOT worth $10 bn??
$FRVO
The most entertaining story in the Oil and Gas space this year will NOT be the closing of the strait. No no.
It will be @PhilMickelson pounding the table on Sable Offshore (Phil no, why), and then $SOC plummeting 83% (Phillll whyyyyy)
NextWave EFT retweeted
Imagine: You are Gloria Moncrief, you are on the gondola skiing in Aspen while entertaining family at your Gunnison ranch. You just celebrated Christmas and the New Year; your cell buzzes. It's Magnolia O&G's successor CEO. (He followed Stephen Chazen (ex ceo of OXY, he paid $52m for Highlander #1 Well)). He tells Gloria the well had a bottom hole intrusion event.
The similarities between the early days of US Shale (2007) vs Enhanced Geothermal in 2026 is striking
If you invested in Shale in 2007, you’ve made a 1x over 20 yrs
If you invested in the 2010 peak, you’re down 40% today
Reason: hype, under-appreciated downhole challenges
Quick note on enhanced geothermal systems (EGS):
There isn’t a world where drilling horizontal wells for hot water is cost competitive with drilling for natural gas.
Same drilling technology deployed, but one product has 10x the energy density.
This isn’t rocket science.
NextWave EFT retweeted
🧵$100 oil will not cause demand destruction or a US Recession.
The numbers prove it.
1/ From June 2011–June 2014, WTI averaged $96.16 per barrel.
Global oil demand kept growing steadily:
~87.1 mb/d (2010) → 91.5 mb/d (2014).
NextWave EFT retweeted
Hard to overstate the role shale gas has played in lowering inflation and spurring American industry. Were we a net importer today as forecast in the 2000s, domestic nat gas & power would be at multiples of current pricing, serving as a huge tax on individuals and companies.
1/5
This may be the most amateur mistake I’ve ever seen in the oil and gas industry.
The (unhinged) CEO of $AZRH claims his NSAI reserve report calcd $6 billion of value.
Turns out he misinterpreted “M” as “Millions” instead of thousands.
It says $6 million. Not $6 billion. Lol










