🇮🇳 Ancient Indian Knowledge Systems 🇮🇳 📚
1️⃣ Concept of zero and the decimal place-value system 🅾️
2️⃣ Foundational works in algebra, arithmetic and trigonometry 📐
3️⃣ One of the world’s oldest medical systems: Ayurveda ⚕️
4️⃣ Early texts describing surgical procedures and instruments 🩺
5️⃣ Yoga and meditation traditions 🧘
6️⃣ The game of chess originated from chaturanga ♟️
7️⃣ One of the world’s oldest universities: Takshashila 🎓
8️⃣ Major centers of learning such as Nalanda 📖
9️⃣ Sophisticated urban planning in the Indus Valley Civilization 🏙️
🔟 Advanced water-management systems, reservoirs and stepwells 💧
1️⃣1️⃣ Early metallurgical achievements, including high-quality steel production ⚒️
1️⃣2️⃣ Development of linguistic analysis and grammar 📜
1️⃣3️⃣ Rich traditions in logic and philosophy 💭
1️⃣4️⃣ Precise astronomical observations and eclipse calculations 🌌
1️⃣5️⃣ Standardized weights and measures ⚖️
1️⃣6️⃣ Cotton cultivation and textile production 🧵
1️⃣7️⃣ Techniques for extracting sugar from sugarcane 🍬
1️⃣8️⃣ Contributions to combinatorics and infinite series 🔢
1️⃣9️⃣ Classical treatises on architecture and town planning 🏛️
2️⃣0️⃣ Diverse schools of thought spanning mathematics, medicine, astronomy and philosophy 🌏
If not released to broader set of users, very likely that AI progress will slow down in near term.
Good new first: Sol is a smart, efficient, and a significant step forward. It is the same price as GPT-5.5. Also launching in the GPT-5.6 family is Terra, with 5.5-level performance at half the price.
Bad news: at the request of the US government, it is launching today in limited preview instead of the open access launch we were planning on. We are working with the government to get to general availability as fast as we can.
I think it is quite reasonable to roll out models--especially as they reach significant new levels of capability--in this way. It fits with our long-held strategy of iterative deployment. But this isn't quite the process that we think is optimal.
Now we will with the government to attempt to get to a transparent, reliable process for early access, and to ensure that as long as our safeguards work as intended we can release widely. We want to be a reliable, dependable partner that works with all stakeholders, and we also want to live by our mission of benefiting all of humanity. I believe the government shares most of our goals, and that they are overall doing a good job in a very difficult situation.
We will work as quickly as we can to get this model in your hands and we hope you will love it.
📲 Critical Metals in a Smartphone [Smartphone Part,Critical Metal] 📱
1️⃣ Touch Screen: indium 📲
2️⃣ Display: lanthanum; gadolinium; praseodymium; europium; terbium; dysprosium 🖥
3️⃣ Electronics: nickel, gallium, tantalum ⚡️
4️⃣ Casing: nickel, magnesium 📔
5️⃣ Battery: lithium, nickel, cobalt 🔋
6️⃣ Microphone, Speakers, Vibration Unit: nickel, praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium 🔊📳
🧸 Most Legendary Toys by Year
1️⃣ 1980: Rubik's Cube
2️⃣ 1981: Smurfs Figurines
3️⃣ 1982: My Little Pony
4️⃣ 1983: Cabbage Patch Kids
5️⃣ 1984: Transformers
6️⃣ 1985: Teddy Ruxpin
7️⃣ 1986: Laser Tag
8️⃣ 1987: Koosh Ball
9️⃣ 1988: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Action Figures
🔟 1989: Nintendo Game Boy
1️⃣1️⃣ 1990: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Action Figures
1️⃣2️⃣ 1991: Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES)
1️⃣3️⃣ 1992: Barbie Dreamhouse
1️⃣4️⃣ 1993: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Action Figures
1️⃣5️⃣ 1994: Power Rangers Megazord
1️⃣6️⃣ 1995: Beanie Babies
1️⃣7️⃣ 1996: Tickle Me Elmo
1️⃣8️⃣ 1997: Tamagotchi
1️⃣9️⃣ 1998: Furby
2️⃣0️⃣ 1999: Pokémon Card Game
2️⃣1️⃣ 2000: Razor Scooter
2️⃣2️⃣ 2001: Bratz Dolls
2️⃣3️⃣ 2002: Beyblade
2️⃣4️⃣ 2003: RoboSapien
2️⃣5️⃣ 2004: Nintendo DS
2️⃣6️⃣ 2005: Xbox 360
2️⃣7️⃣ 2006: PlayStation 3
2️⃣8️⃣ 2007: Webkinz
2️⃣9️⃣ 2008: Zhu Zhu Pets
3️⃣0️⃣ 2009: Bakugan
3️⃣1️⃣ 2010: LEGO Minifigures
3️⃣2️⃣ 2011: LeapPad Explorer
3️⃣3️⃣ 2012: Monster High Dolls
3️⃣4️⃣ 2013: Rainbow Loom
3️⃣5️⃣ 2014: Frozen Merchandise
3️⃣6️⃣ 2015: Hoverboards
3️⃣7️⃣ 2016: Hatchimals
3️⃣8️⃣ 2017: Fidget Spinner
3️⃣9️⃣ 2018: L.O.L. Surprise! Dolls
4️⃣0️⃣ 2019: Baby Shark Toys
4️⃣1️⃣ 2020: Animal Crossing: New Horizons
4️⃣2️⃣ 2021: Star Wars: The Child Animatronic Edition
4️⃣3️⃣ 2022: Squishmallows
4️⃣4️⃣ 2023: Squishmallows
4️⃣5️⃣ 2024: Bitzee
4️⃣6️⃣ 2025: RealFX Disney Stitch Puppetronic
Opinion-based list. Different toys could reasonably be chosen for many years.
📜 Glorious Past of Nalanda University
"नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय" 📜
📍 Nalanda University, located in the Indian state of Bihar, is an ancient center of higher learning that has left an indelible mark on the world of education. Established in the 5th century CE during the reign of the Gupta Dynasty, Nalanda is often considered the golden age of Indian history.
📍 The university's origins can be traced back to a legend where 500 merchants purchased the land for 10 kotis (old currency form) of gold pieces and gifted it to Lord Buddha. It was here that Lord Buddha preached under a Pāvārikāmbavana (mango grove of Pavarika) for several years.
📍 Nalanda University flourished for over 800 years, from 427 CE to 1197 CE, and was home to 10,000 students and 2,000 teachers. It was the first residential university in the world, providing accommodation for both students and teachers. The campus had eight separate compounds, 10 temples, meditation halls, classrooms, lakes, parks, and a nine-storey library.
📍 The library, known as Dharmaganja (Treasury of Truth), had the capacity to house an astounding 9 million books and manuscripts. It was a treasure trove of knowledge, attracting scholars from across the world.
📍 Nalanda University was a beacon of knowledge and wisdom, fostering an environment of diverse learning, research, and international cooperation. It was a melting pot of cultures, with students from countries like Korea, Japan, China, Tibet, Indonesia, Persia, and Turkey coming to study there.
📍 The university's curriculum was extensive, covering various subjects such as astronomy, medicine, logic, mathematics, and philosophy. Nalanda was renowned for its Buddhist studies, with many prominent Buddhist scholars and philosophers associated with the institution.
📍 Nalanda University's legacy was not just limited to its academic achievements. It also played a significant role in shaping the intellectual and cultural landscape of the world. The university's influence can be seen in the spread of Buddhism and the development of educational institutions across Asia.
📍 The modern Nalanda University, established in 2010, aims to carry forward the essence of the original institution by fostering an environment of diverse learning, research, and international cooperation. It strives to recapture the spirit of ancient Nalanda while adapting to the needs and challenges of the contemporary world.
📍 Nalanda University is a testament to the enduring value of education and the preservation of intellectual heritage. It serves as a symbol of India's commitment to education and global collaboration, and its legacy continues to inspire generations of scholars and learners.
🇮🇳 India in Space – Major Achievements 🇮🇳 🚀
1️⃣ Founded one of the world’s leading space agencies – Indian Space Research Organisation (1969)
2️⃣ First Indian satellite: Aryabhata 🛰️
3️⃣ First lunar mission: Chandrayaan-1 (confirmed water molecules on Moon) 🌕
4️⃣ First Asian nation to reach Mars orbit on maiden attempt: Mars Orbiter Mission 🔴
5️⃣ First mission to soft-land near Moon’s south pole: Chandrayaan-3 🌘
6️⃣ Record 104 satellites launched in a single mission (2017) 🚀
7️⃣ Indigenous heavy-lift rocket: GSLV Mk III
8️⃣ Reliable workhorse rocket: PSLV
9️⃣ Navigation system: NavIC 🧭
🔟 Commercial arm: Antrix Corporation / NewSpace India Limited 🌍
1️⃣1️⃣ Upcoming human spaceflight mission: Gaganyaan 👨🚀
1️⃣2️⃣ One of the most cost-effective space programs globally 💰
1️⃣3️⃣ Strong satellite program for communication, weather & disaster management 🌦️
1️⃣4️⃣ Deep space missions with indigenous technology 🛰️
1️⃣5️⃣ Rapidly growing private space ecosystem 🚀
🇮🇳 India’s Global Firsts & Big Achievements 🇮🇳
1️⃣ First Asian nation to reach Mars orbit on maiden attempt 🚀
2️⃣ Chandrayaan-3 first to soft land near Moon’s south pole 🌕
3️⃣ World’s largest democratic election 🗳️
4️⃣ World’s largest constitution 📜
5️⃣ Largest biometric ID system – Aadhaar 🆔
6️⃣ Fastest-growing major economy (multiple recent years) 📈
7️⃣ World’s largest vaccine manufacturer (by volume) 💉
8️⃣ Biggest diaspora population globally 🌍
9️⃣ One of the world’s largest rail networks 🚆
🔟 Largest milk producer globally 🥛
1️⃣1️⃣ One of the largest IT services exporters 💻
1️⃣2️⃣ Major global pharma supplier (generic medicines) 💊
1️⃣3️⃣ International Solar Alliance founder ☀️
1️⃣4️⃣ Largest digital payments adoption growth (UPI revolution) 📲
1️⃣5️⃣ One of the oldest continuous civilizations 🏺
1️⃣6️⃣ World’s largest school meal program (Midday Meal) 🍛
1️⃣7️⃣ Record-breaking space missions at low cost 🛰️
1️⃣8️⃣ One of the largest road networks 🛣️
1️⃣9️⃣ Major global startup ecosystem 🚀
2️⃣0️⃣ Nuclear triad capability nation 🔱
🇮🇳 Greatest Indian Inventions & Discoveries 🇮🇳
1️⃣ Zero 🅾️
2️⃣ Ayurveda ⚕️
3️⃣ Lunar Water 🌒
4️⃣ Universal Serial Bus(USB) 🔗
5️⃣ Chess♟️
6️⃣ Yoga / Meditation 🧘♀️
7️⃣ Shampoo 🧴
8️⃣ Wireless Communication 📻
9️⃣ Buttons 🔘
1️⃣0️⃣ Cotton Cultivation 🧶
1️⃣1️⃣ Complex and Hydraulic Engineering 👩🏭
1️⃣2️⃣ Cure for leprosy and lithiasis 💉
1️⃣3️⃣ Plastic & Cataract Surgery 😷
1️⃣4️⃣ Natural Fibres 🌾
1️⃣5️⃣ Ruler 📏
1️⃣6️⃣ Glassblowing 🥛🌬
1️⃣7️⃣ Table tennis 🏓
1️⃣8️⃣ Squat toilet 🚽
1️⃣9️⃣ Trigonometric functions 📐
2️⃣0️⃣ Technical standards 📄
2️⃣1️⃣ Stepwell 💦
2️⃣2️⃣ Sugar 🍬
2️⃣3️⃣ FTP 📤
2️⃣4️⃣ Indigo dye 🦱
2️⃣5️⃣ Cashmere 🧣
2️⃣6️⃣ Fibonacci series 🔢
2️⃣7️⃣ Local government 🏛
2️⃣8️⃣ Diamond mining 💎 ⛏️
2️⃣9️⃣ Badminton 🏸
3️⃣0️⃣ Diamond cutting and polishing 💎
🌍 World’s Top 15 Most Talked-About Dates Which Changed The Course of History
1. 🕊️ 11 Sep 2001 – 9/11 attacks
2. 🇮🇳 6 Dec 1992 – Babri Masjid demolition
3. ☢️ 6 Aug 1945 – Hiroshima
4. ☢️ 9 Aug 1945 – Nagasaki
5. 🇮🇳 15 Aug 1947 – India Independence
6. 🌕 20 Jul 1969 – Moon landing
7. 🧱 9 Nov 1989 – Berlin Wall falls
8. 🌊 26 Dec 2004 – Indian Ocean tsunami
9. 📜 26 Jan 1950 – India Republic Day
10. ⚔️ 24 Feb 2022 – Russia–Ukraine war
11. 📖 4 Jul 1776 – US Independence
12. 🎖️ 22 Nov 1963 – JFK assassination
13. 🕊️ 30 Jan 1948 – Gandhi assassination
14. 🦠 17 Mar 2020 – COVID pandemic declared
15. 🌏 11 Mar 2011 – Japan quake & Fukushima
They’re barely making money. This will only lead to costlier deliveries or businesses shutting down. It’s not as if people like @deepigoyal are living ultra-luxurious lives. You’re going after the wrong people.
Very well written @deepigoyal Every word is true. It beggars belief that a Champagne Socialist who married a film star and had a designer wedding in Udaipur and a first wedding anniversary in Maldives has the audacity to then shed crocodile tears around alleged exploitation of gig workers. Aam Aadmi my foot
It’s less about helping gig workers and more about elites trying to soothe their conscience by appearing to uplift the downtrodden, without making any real effort or sacrifice.
Last one on this topic, and I have been holding this in myself for a while.
For centuries, class divides kept the labor of the poor invisible to the rich. Factory workers toiled behind walls, farmers in distant fields, domestic help in backrooms. The wealthy consumed the fruits of that labor without ever seeing the faces or the fatigue behind it. No direct encounter, no personal guilt.
The gig economy shattered that invisibility, at unprecedented scale.
Suddenly, the poor aren't hidden away. They're at your doorstep: the delivery partner handing over your ₹1000+ biryani, late-night groceries, or quick-commerce essentials. You see them in the rain, heat, traffic, often on borrowed bikes, working 8–10 hours for earnings that give them sustenance. You see their exhaustion, their polite smile masking frustration with life in general.
This is the first time in history at this scale that the working class and consuming class interact face-to-face, transaction after transaction. And that discomfort with our own selves is why we are uncomfortable about the gig economy. We want these people to look our part, so that the guilt we feel while taking orders from them feels less.
We aren't just debating economics. We are confronting guilt. That ₹800 order might equal their entire day's earnings after fuel, bike rent, and app cuts. We tip awkwardly, or avoid eye contact, because the inequality is no longer abstract. It's personal.
Pre-gig era, the rich could enjoy luxury without moral discomfort. Labor was out of sight. Now, every doorbell ring is a reminder of systemic inequality. That's why debates explode. It's not just policy. It's emotional reckoning. Some defend the system (“they choose it”), others demand change (“this isn't progress, its exploitation”).
And here’s the uncomfortable twist: the unsaid ask of clumsy ‘solutions’ isn’t dignity. It is about returning to invisibility.
Ban gig work and you don’t solve inequality. You remove livelihoods. These jobs don’t magically reappear as formal, protected employment the next day. They disappear, or they get pushed back into the informal economy where there are even fewer protections and even less accountability. Over-regulate it until the model breaks, and you achieve the same outcome through paperwork instead of slogans: the work evaporates, prices rise, demand collapses, and the people we claim to protect are the first to lose income.
And then what happens?
The rich get their old comfort back. Convenience returns without faces. Guilt dissolves. We go back to clean abstractions and moral posturing from a distance. The poor don’t become safer, they become invisible again: back in cash economies, back in backrooms, back in shadows where regulation rarely reaches and dignity isn’t even debated.
The gig economy just exposed the reality of inequality to the people who previously had the luxury of not seeing it. The doorbell is not the problem. The question is what we do after opening the door.
Visibility is the price of progress. We can either use this discomfort to build something better (which we keep doing continuously as delivery partners are our backbone), or we can ban and over-regulate our way back into ignorance. One of those choices improves lives. The other simply helps the consuming class feel virtuous in the dark.
Irony is when a “movie critic” freely trashes a film for opposing her ideology, yet can’t even handle criticism of her own work and her circle instantly slips into victimhood.
To push someone like Anupama Chopra to withdraw a review is the absolute pits! Threatening and harassing everyone who disagrees with something as fleeting as a film is such a disgrace.
What next? Mannu lorry will accidentally run over their cars and bikes?
It’s shameful what this country’s public space has turned into. A space where I grew up to love films cautiously, see deeply and debate fiercely is now a blood curdling snake pit.
My heart goes out to each one of you critics taking the punches. FWIW, I’m with you.
🌍 Global Distrust in Mainstream Media (2024) 🚫
🔴 Highest Distrust Levels
🇷🇸 Serbia: 41%
🇬🇷 Greece: 38%
🇨🇴 Colombia: 32%
🇭🇺 Hungary: 27%
🇫🇷 France: 21%
🟠 Moderate Distrust
🇺🇸 United States: 20%
🇮🇳 India: 18%
🇦🇺 Australia: 18%
🇬🇧 United Kingdom: 16%
🇪🇸 Spain: 16%
🇦🇷 Argentina: 16%
🇨🇦 Canada: 15%
🇩🇪 Germany: 15%
🇲🇽 Mexico: 15%
🇧🇷 Brazil: 14%
🇰🇷 South Korea: 14%
🟢 Lower Distrust
🇨🇭 Switzerland: 12%
🇿🇦 South Africa: 12%
🇮🇹 Italy: 13%
🇵🇹 Portugal: 10%
🇨🇳 China: 10%
🇫🇮 Finland: 8%
🇳🇿 New Zealand: 8%
🇯🇵 Japan: 6%
📊 Source: Statista (2024)