Every time the science has been settled, somebody paid for the settlement, and the bill has a name on it. 1747: James Lind cures scurvy with lemons. The Navy keeps it settled as a disease of damp air for forty-eight years and loses more sailors to it than to the French. 1799: Bleeding is settled. George Washington is drained of nearly half his blood for a sore throat and is dead by evening. 1847: Childbed fever is settled as bad air. Ignaz Semmelweis washes his hands and the deaths on his ward fall from one mother in ten to one in a hundred. He is sacked, committed, and beaten to death in an asylum. 1915: Pellagra is settled as an infection. Joseph Goldberger proves it is the corn diet of the poor by injecting himself with sufferers' blood. The South keeps the corn, and 100,000 Americans die of it. 1941: The lobotomy is settled, and about to win a Nobel. Rosemary Kennedy, twenty-three, is left unable to walk or speak, one of 40,000 Americans put under the pick. 1956: The pregnancy X-ray is settled as harmless. Alice Stewart shows one scan doubles a child's chance of cancer. She loses her funding and the scans run for another quarter century. 1961: Thalidomide is settled as safe for morning sickness. Ten thousand babies. 1971: DES is settled as a pregnancy protector. The daughters of the women who took it develop a cancer nobody has seen before. 1972: Sugar is settled as harmless. John Yudkin writes that it is not, and the fat men and the sugar men end his career between them. 1984: Fat is settled as the killer, and a generation of mothers swaps the butter for a tub of oil. 2004: Vioxx is settled as a safe painkiller. Up to 140,000 heart attacks before it is pulled. The science was settled every single time. The only thing it ever settled was who took the blame afterwards.