Мачорот во чизми

Pluto was discovered in 1930 by American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh and was long considered the ninth planet of the Solar System. Due to its enormous distance of about 5–6 billion kilometers from Earth, detailed study of this dwarf world remained impossible for a long time. In 2006, the same year Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet, NASA launched the New Horizons mission, which became the first spacecraft to reach the Pluto system. After a nine-year journey, on July 14, 2015, the probe made a historic flyby at a distance of about 12,500 km from Pluto’s surface. The spacecraft transmitted detailed images and data on the geology, atmosphere, and moons, including Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx. One of the main discoveries was the heart-shaped Tombaugh Regio (Sputnik Planitia), covered in nitrogen ice and showing signs of geological activity. Ice mountains, possible cryovolcanoes, ancient channels, and evidence of a subsurface ocean were found on Pluto, which surprised scientists. Transmitting all the data to Earth took several years because of the great distance and low communication speed. After Pluto, New Horizons continued operating in the Kuiper Belt and explored the object Arrokoth in 2019. Although concepts for future orbital missions, such as Persephone, have been proposed, no new expedition to Pluto has yet been approved or launched.

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