Prastut retweeted
Bertrand Russell once gave a lecture on AI safety. He described how researchers evaluate models inside controlled sandboxes, using simulated tools and honeypots to detect dangerous behavior.
At the end, a little old lady stood up.
“What you’ve told us is rubbish. Your sandbox is a backdoored honeypot.”
Russell smiled. “And what do you suppose is running the honeypot?”
“Another backdoored honeypot.”
“But what’s running that one?”
“You’re very clever, young man, very clever,” said the old lady. “But it’s backdoored honeypots all the way down.”
Prastut retweeted
@prastutkumar break down on how papertrade queuing works.
let's build a shared understanding of the system first.
there are two queues in the system:
- relayer queue
- payout queue
=======
let's understand relayer queue:
papertrade has a tx relayer to hyperevm, basically a sequencer that sits between users and hyperevm
the architecture feels like:
(1) an offchain server holds everyone's signed intents and decides the order [1]
(2) it relays them to their onchain BatchExecutor contract, the only caller their Exchange contract accepts, up to 25 closes per tx [2][3]
_
why do they have a tx relayer in the first place?
(1) they build on hyperevm because it's the only place a contract can read the hl bbo natively [1]
(2) hyperevm fits ~3.5M gas/s for every app on it, a 3M gas block every 1s plus a 30M gas block every 1 min [4]
(3) a papertrade close costs ~200k gas [6]
(4) so the hyperevm chain fits ~17 closes/second) (in comparison ethereum mainnet would fit ~25, solana roughly 1,600 swap-sized txs)
(5) so at 1000x an open contract becomes a gas war that bots will win and ui users will definitely lose [1]
(6) the relayer model also helps gives additional UX features like one click trading, session keys and sponsored gas accounts
_
how are txs ordered?
- liquidations first
- then closes
- then opens [1]
- bigger notional orders weighted ahead of smaller notional ones [5]
a close prices at the hl bbo mid when the tx lands, not when you click [2]
so this is the relayer queue, and it's the one people are experiencing 20 mins in when closing txs
=======
the relayer queue is different from the payout queue where:
(1) the pool starts at 0 and only grows from trader losses [2]
(2) if it can't cover your profit at close, the profit waits for later losses, first in first out, your margin comes back right away [2]
relayer queue delays the trade itself, your position stays open and keeps moving until it lands, payout queue only delays the profit after the trade is done
=======
sources:
[1] blurr on threadguy: x.com/notthreadguy/status/21…
[2] docs.papertrade.xyz
[3] BatchExecutor: hyperevmscan.io/address/0x23…
[4] dwellir.com/docs/hyperliquid…
[5] x.com/papertrade_xyz/status/…
[6] hyperevmscan.io/tx/0x54db522…
people are yearning for @ns
I really hate to say this but it looks like Indonesia is the front runner of SEAsia for the great reset
>massive fires, land clearance
>full economic crash and currency devaluation
>energy/fuel crisis in Bali
As someone who really wanted to escape the oppression of the west ( aus )
The clamp is coming down, you can feel it
If you’re trying to avoid being a victim of the oppression, it’s getting more difficult by the day to decide where to be
The thought of being hidden in plain sight crossed my mind a lot, but now that I’m personally in the thick of it I’m not so sure
Remote places that never get mentioned are obviously ideal but it’s not an overnight thing, even if you already have wealth
For sure we will start to see this pattern of
>natural disaster / cyber security
>economic collapse / devaluation
>immigration
>energy / resource restriction or collapse
Pave the way for change ( digital id/currency, smart cities, total control ) in many countries over the next few years
Very difficult to plan ahead, I’m not a doomer, I enjoy life, still have goals, plans and faith, but you need to be real about what’s going on around you
Hopefully the trenches print one last time and give many an option out of the tyranny, please delete materialism from your psyche and put some coin away in something sustainable for an uncertain future
My DMs are always open to anyone whoever wants to discuss planning further, going into the future alone is a death sentence
the worst that can happen to a man on a date is that the date turns out to be boring
the worst that can happen to a woman is she gets sexually assaulted/raped/murdered on the way to the date or on the date or post coming back from the date
women often have to navigate risks that men rarely even think about just to show up for a date!
if she's willing to take those risks to meet you, the least you can do is pay for dinner man
Prastut retweeted
No greater enemy of the worker than the half brained fake socialist that can’t string two words of Capital together. Wealth isn’t capital. Wealth can only be created by the worker. It’s the economic surplus from workers calloused hands setting the means of production in motion.
Elon isn’t hoarding rockets or Tesla cars, that’s the wealth. He is giving those away in exchange for capital. His shares are the best measurement we have of future wealth that will be created from his ability to organize labor.
If you double the shares, no matter how you distribute them, the total wealth in the world is the same. If you double the cars and the rockets, the total wealth in the world has increased.
You morons can do real damage. The only thing that can lift people out of poverty is growth, building more stuff with less work and resources, aka more things at a profit. If Europe had kept up with USA in terms of growth roughly 100 million more people globally would have been permanently lifted out of extreme poverty.
Prastut retweeted
Hey friends, the IFF team has been working incredibly hard, but we've got to be honest about where we stand this month: we've got ₹4,90,682.81 in income against ₹9,76,575.77 in expenses (₹1,26,575.77 already spent + ₹8,50,000 in upcoming salaries), leaving us with a ₹4,85,892.96 deficit.
We haven't paid our colleagues their salaries yet, so if you're able to chip in, it would truly mean the world, no amount is too small, and even sharing this helps.
Thank you for being in our corner.
Donate: internetfreedom.in/donate
Prastut retweeted
Congrats to Kazakhstan on getting @Balaji. Gonna be like Madrid getting Mbappe
@ns is antifragile
Prastut retweeted
I love that the self-serving argument against open source is, “OSS is communism & closed source is governable so hurr durr let’s do lawfare”
While I await the final boss (e.g. Elizabeth Warren of OSS AI), this is a reminder that being in DC for too long can make you illiterate
Some observations on Kimi:
1. It's a very good model! I don't think its performance can be explained away by distillation or anything like that. In agentic coding sessions, it seems pretty much on par with the best public models of Q1 2026. In my fairly limited use, it also seemed very token hungry. It's not obvious to me that this model is actually that cheap to run.
2. I am personally surprised the Chinese state continues to allow the open sourcing of models this good, given potential risks. To be clear, I *myself* might be fine with models presenting this level of marginal risk being open weight, but I am surprised that China is fine with it. I suspect the reason they are is 75% explained by strategic blindness/lack of AGI-pilledness (the CCP is very Yann Lecun-y in its views of AI). The other 25% or so is their lack of compute for customer inference (making China's open-weight strategy an unintended byproduct of US export controls) and the normal Chinese strategy of aggressive exports. For the companies, as opposed to the government, the decision to open source is partially ideological and partially because they are behind, and they know that very few people would pay for sub-frontier models from China.
3. Open-weight models are inherently decelerationist, and I'm continually surprised to see the so-called "accelerationists" so excited about open-weight models. I suspect the reason they are is that they know open-weight models are effectively ungovernable, and they simply like the overall cloak of ungovernability open-weight models create over the whole of AI. It's not a bad strategy; it reminds me of James Scott's recounting of the hill people in "the art of not being governed." Still, in the end, open-weight models deter further AI capex.
4. One probable outcome of an open-weight-model-dominant world is full AI communism, which is precisely what China proposes: rather than a market product, AI is a "public good" which will ultimately be provided by the state as a kind of "digital public infrastructure." This future strikes me as a dystopian hellscape, but I've never met an open-weight models advocate who doesn't ultimately concede this is where things end. You'd be surprised how many 'accelerationists' lobbied me, while I was in government, to support an eleven or twelve-figure federally funded data center so that startups could train models at a subsidy and then give them away for free. There was no other way for AI to progress, they said. Perhaps this is the logical end state of things. Nonetheless, I find myself surprised to see supposed accelerationists excited about such an outcome. I think many of them just don't know what they're doing. Many accelerationists do not view the creation and serving of frontier models as a legitimate business.
5. I would guess that the Trump Administration will at some point realize that their best strategy here would be to create large amounts of regulatory risk around the use of open-weight Chinese models. You don't need to "ban open source" (one of the dumber motifs of AI policy discussion). You just need to direct every agency to issue soft law that creates FUD. "A Federal Reserve Advisory Bulletin found that there may be backdoors in Chinese AI models." It needn't be that well justified. You just create enough regulatory risk that every regulated enterprise backs off. You probably don't want to create so much regulatory risk that you scare off the hyperscalers from serving Chinese models; this will just drive startups to sketchier providers. There's a happy middle ground here. I'd assume they will do some version of this.
6. It's probably true that open-weight models of this capability make the world a bit more dangerous, but not so much more that you'll really notice. At some point the models will be capable enough that you will notice. "A nonliving, invisible, dangerous, and infinitely self-replicating agent escaped from a Chinese lab," you say? Color me shocked.
Prastut retweeted
In crypto terms, a network state is an L2 (network school) built on an L1 (in this case Malaysia).
Here the L1 is refusing to accept validity of transactions on the L2 bc of alleged DPRK (Israeli) activity on the L2, which is debunked and dev (Balaji) is appealing to validators.
Should the global tech community continue investing in Malaysia?
Given recent events, I raise this question respectfully for the consideration of Prime Minister Yang Amat Berhormat Dato’ Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim (@anwaribrahim), for the people of Malaysia, and for our friends in the Malaysian tech community. The answer will be of interest to anyone in global tech that’s considering building, investing, or expanding in Malaysia, including executives at Google, Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft, founders of tech unicorns like Coinbase and Solana, and investors at the world’s largest venture capital funds like a16z and Polychain.
As context, I am the former CTO of Coinbase and former General Partner at a16z. In October 2024, I opened a startup society called Network School in Malaysia, because I felt I’d been invited in by the government’s pro-tech policies.
Specifically, the KL20 initiative set out Malaysia’s ambition of becoming a top 20 global tech hub. Their MDEC digital nomad visas and MM2H investor visas were created to facilitate an influx of global talent and capital. And the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone was announced to facilitate the flow of capital and talent between Malaysia and Singapore, where I live. When taken in combination with Malaysia’s datacenter buildout and its policy of welcoming visa-free visits for 98% of the world, it seemed like Malaysia might be a great place to build a global tech hub that was simultaneously inexpensive and easy to visit (especially for non-Westerners).
And that’s what we did, by creating Network School. It’s an international tech community with its first node in Forest City, Malaysia. We picked Forest City because it had millions of square feet of empty space, because it was one hour from Singapore’s capital markets, and because it was within the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone. Then, within 18 months, without a single penny of government money, we built Network School into a global attraction that brought thousands of engineers, investors, and builders from 70+ countries to learn technology, burn calories, earn online, and have fun, integrating with the local Malaysian economy along the way.
Indeed, in terms of quantifiable contribution to the Malaysian economy, we’ve already invested 100M+ MYR in our campus to make it startup-friendly. For perspective, that’s about 4% of the budget of Johor, the Malaysian state where Forest City is located. We employ dozens of Malaysians directly and indirectly at every level from executive to staff. We’ve backed Malaysian tech startups like Collektr, hosted events for local teams like Superteam Malaysia, and are major customers of many local businesses like barbers, laundromats, and restaurants. We’ve also revitalized the multibillion-dollar Forest City project, causing millions of MYR in real estate appreciation. And, as the video below describes, we were on the cusp of a 500M+ MYR expansion to grow our community, as well as a global merit scholarship with my friend Amjad Masad of Replit.
However, that emerging multi-billion dollar success story — which should rightfully have been hailed as a huge victory for the pro-tech policies of the Malaysian government — is at risk of being derailed by a fake story spread by an anonymous account named MP4P.
In short: on the day before the July 11 Johor elections, MP4P posted an Instagram post falsely accusing Network School of harboring illegal aliens. The sensational accusations caused a tizzy in Malaysia, until Malaysian authorities came to our campus on July 14 to investigate. (I should note that the officers were very polite and professional.) After checking hundreds of physical passports from 40 countries, including dual passport holders, the authorities confirmed to the press on July 15 that all travel documents were in order. During the process, we cooperated fully; in the thread below you can see a photo of the men, women, and children of Network School smiling and holding up their passports in the bright daylight. Our faces are shown and our names are known; we have nothing to hide.
With that said, the process is the punishment. What MP4P did is very similar to the American crime of “swatting”, because MP4P created a hoax report of a serious threat, thereby forcing the Malaysian police to take time away from protecting the Malaysian people towards investigating a nonexistent issue. Moreover, this anonymous MP4P account has also called for Malaysia to boycott Apple, Google, Amazon, and Microsoft…a move that would cost ordinary Malaysians thousands of jobs…even while MP4P’s own Instagram collaborators promote their Apple and Google apps! I mean, we aren’t talking about a credible accuser, but just someone screaming inconsistently at the top of their lungs on social media for traffic, an all-too-common phenomenon these days.
Anyway, at this point, all further investment we were planning to make in Malaysia is on hold until we get sufficient assurance that such issues won’t recur. So are the investment plans of many of our friends, including the execs and investors at global tech firms that we brought to Forest City. Because to put it very plainly: we have invested 100M+ MYR in Malaysia, while creating jobs for dozens of Malaysians, and our faces and names are known. Our Malaysian executives and employees deserve the benefit of the doubt over anonymous internet trolls.
There are two paths forward. In the first case, if Malaysia still wants continued global tech investment, if it wants to be a top 20 tech hub, if it wants us to revitalize Forest City, then we request an audience with the Prime Minister’s office to discuss the terms of a memorandum of understanding between Network School and the Malaysian government, similar to the document recently signed between the Solana Foundation and the Kazakhstan government.
Specifics can of course be discussed, but we would publicly commit to abiding by all Malaysian laws (we already do) and respecting Malaysia’s sovereignty (never in question). In return, they’d get to know our friendly community, and realize that we actually chose Malaysia because we thought it was a great place to build a tech hub where engineers from the global South, investors from the West, and builders from Malaysia itself could meet new people, build cool things, and perhaps create millions of dollars in economic growth in the fullness of time.
That vision of peace and trade, internationalism and entrepreneurialism, is still on the table. We aren’t asking for any money — just a meeting, to help restore confidence in Malaysia as an investable jurisdiction. Alternatively, if you don’t want our investment, or those of our colleagues at billion dollar funds and trillion dollar companies, we will of course respect your wishes, and reallocate our capital to other countries instead.
Either way, we will remain friends and abide by your decision. Please let us know.
Prastut retweeted
Should the global tech community continue investing in Malaysia?
Given recent events, I raise this question respectfully for the consideration of Prime Minister Yang Amat Berhormat Dato’ Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim (@anwaribrahim), for the people of Malaysia, and for our friends in the Malaysian tech community. The answer will be of interest to anyone in global tech that’s considering building, investing, or expanding in Malaysia, including executives at Google, Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft, founders of tech unicorns like Coinbase and Solana, and investors at the world’s largest venture capital funds like a16z and Polychain.
As context, I am the former CTO of Coinbase and former General Partner at a16z. In October 2024, I opened a startup society called Network School in Malaysia, because I felt I’d been invited in by the government’s pro-tech policies.
Specifically, the KL20 initiative set out Malaysia’s ambition of becoming a top 20 global tech hub. Their MDEC digital nomad visas and MM2H investor visas were created to facilitate an influx of global talent and capital. And the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone was announced to facilitate the flow of capital and talent between Malaysia and Singapore, where I live. When taken in combination with Malaysia’s datacenter buildout and its policy of welcoming visa-free visits for 98% of the world, it seemed like Malaysia might be a great place to build a global tech hub that was simultaneously inexpensive and easy to visit (especially for non-Westerners).
And that’s what we did, by creating Network School. It’s an international tech community with its first node in Forest City, Malaysia. We picked Forest City because it had millions of square feet of empty space, because it was one hour from Singapore’s capital markets, and because it was within the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone. Then, within 18 months, without a single penny of government money, we built Network School into a global attraction that brought thousands of engineers, investors, and builders from 70+ countries to learn technology, burn calories, earn online, and have fun, integrating with the local Malaysian economy along the way.
Indeed, in terms of quantifiable contribution to the Malaysian economy, we’ve already invested 100M+ MYR in our campus to make it startup-friendly. For perspective, that’s about 4% of the budget of Johor, the Malaysian state where Forest City is located. We employ dozens of Malaysians directly and indirectly at every level from executive to staff. We’ve backed Malaysian tech startups like Collektr, hosted events for local teams like Superteam Malaysia, and are major customers of many local businesses like barbers, laundromats, and restaurants. We’ve also revitalized the multibillion-dollar Forest City project, causing millions of MYR in real estate appreciation. And, as the video below describes, we were on the cusp of a 500M+ MYR expansion to grow our community, as well as a global merit scholarship with my friend Amjad Masad of Replit.
However, that emerging multi-billion dollar success story — which should rightfully have been hailed as a huge victory for the pro-tech policies of the Malaysian government — is at risk of being derailed by a fake story spread by an anonymous account named MP4P.
In short: on the day before the July 11 Johor elections, MP4P posted an Instagram post falsely accusing Network School of harboring illegal aliens. The sensational accusations caused a tizzy in Malaysia, until Malaysian authorities came to our campus on July 14 to investigate. (I should note that the officers were very polite and professional.) After checking hundreds of physical passports from 40 countries, including dual passport holders, the authorities confirmed to the press on July 15 that all travel documents were in order. During the process, we cooperated fully; in the thread below you can see a photo of the men, women, and children of Network School smiling and holding up their passports in the bright daylight. Our faces are shown and our names are known; we have nothing to hide.
With that said, the process is the punishment. What MP4P did is very similar to the American crime of “swatting”, because MP4P created a hoax report of a serious threat, thereby forcing the Malaysian police to take time away from protecting the Malaysian people towards investigating a nonexistent issue. Moreover, this anonymous MP4P account has also called for Malaysia to boycott Apple, Google, Amazon, and Microsoft…a move that would cost ordinary Malaysians thousands of jobs…even while MP4P’s own Instagram collaborators promote their Apple and Google apps! I mean, we aren’t talking about a credible accuser, but just someone screaming inconsistently at the top of their lungs on social media for traffic, an all-too-common phenomenon these days.
Anyway, at this point, all further investment we were planning to make in Malaysia is on hold until we get sufficient assurance that such issues won’t recur. So are the investment plans of many of our friends, including the execs and investors at global tech firms that we brought to Forest City. Because to put it very plainly: we have invested 100M+ MYR in Malaysia, while creating jobs for dozens of Malaysians, and our faces and names are known. Our Malaysian executives and employees deserve the benefit of the doubt over anonymous internet trolls.
There are two paths forward. In the first case, if Malaysia still wants continued global tech investment, if it wants to be a top 20 tech hub, if it wants us to revitalize Forest City, then we request an audience with the Prime Minister’s office to discuss the terms of a memorandum of understanding between Network School and the Malaysian government, similar to the document recently signed between the Solana Foundation and the Kazakhstan government.
Specifics can of course be discussed, but we would publicly commit to abiding by all Malaysian laws (we already do) and respecting Malaysia’s sovereignty (never in question). In return, they’d get to know our friendly community, and realize that we actually chose Malaysia because we thought it was a great place to build a tech hub where engineers from the global South, investors from the West, and builders from Malaysia itself could meet new people, build cool things, and perhaps create millions of dollars in economic growth in the fullness of time.
That vision of peace and trade, internationalism and entrepreneurialism, is still on the table. We aren’t asking for any money — just a meeting, to help restore confidence in Malaysia as an investable jurisdiction. Alternatively, if you don’t want our investment, or those of our colleagues at billion dollar funds and trillion dollar companies, we will of course respect your wishes, and reallocate our capital to other countries instead.
Either way, we will remain friends and abide by your decision. Please let us know.
h/t @sashachapin
Mark Zuckerberg reveals what his wife Priscilla said after he tore his ACL that completely surprised him
"When I tore my ACL, first of all, everyone at the company was like, yeah, f***, we're going to get so many more emails now. Like, he can't do this."
"And I sat down with Priscilla and I expected her to be like, you're an idiot. Like, what do you expect? You're like, I was in my late 30s at the time."
"But she was like, no, she's like, when you heal your ACL, you better go back to fighting. And I'm like, what do you mean? She's like, you are so much better to be around now that you're doing this. You have to fight."
"That's completely contrary to the way most people, if they're outside of it, would perceive it. It definitely takes the edge off things."
2018 thesis: QE turned your savings account into your checking account, the bond market into your savings account, the equity market into the bond market, the VC market into the equity market, and crypto into the VC market
2022 thesis: CPI inflation destroyed your savings account, the bond market into your checking account, the equity market into your savings account, the VC market into the bond market, btc/eth into the equity market, rest of crypto into the VC market
2026 thesis: war, inflation, deficits, tariff shocks, and Trump’s fiscal printer is turning Gold/BTC into the savings account, T-bills into your checking account waiting to be deployed post the never before seen blowoff top, hyperscaler debt into the bond market, AI infrastructure index into the equity market, nvidia/power/data centers into the new oil trade, SOL/HYPE into liquid beta on internet capital markets, private AI equity into the new VC market
Prastut retweeted
"... the political left has long had a remarkable lack of interest in how wealth is created. As far as they are concerned, wealth exists somehow and the only interesting question is how to redistribute it."
— Thomas Sowell
praying to the game theory gods that the counterfeit amount passing from orchard to ironwood through the turnstile is 0
