
ALT This is a striking underwater image of local patch dynamics on the seafloor. In the center of the photo is a large Pycnopodia sunflower sea star, and surrounding it is a nearly perfect ring (halo) of empty white rock space, which is about the width of the seastar itself, and then outside of the halo are hundreds of purple sea urchins, with some red sea urchins mixed in. The urchins are packed so close to each other it is hard to see the sea floor. The image conveys how the predator Pycnopodia creates a landscape of fear for these urchins, which can sense the "smell" of their predator approaching. Photo was taken by Lynn Lee in Haida Gwaii, Canada, and used with permission.

ALT Another photo of empty space near a Pycnopodia sea star and the ring of purple sea urchins around it, fleeing from it's advance. This image is taken underwater at the level of the sea floor, so that the viewer can see the piles of hundreds of urchins in the background, a kelp forest fringe in the shallows, and the blue/grey Pycnopodia in the foreground. Photo is by Lynn Lee, taken in Haida Gwaii, Canada. Used with permission.



























