FRAGMENTS finds the pieces the market leaves behind โ€” hidden assets, neglected balance sheets, broken stories โ€” and puts them together before the cro #Fragments

Joined June 2017
FRAGMENTS Value retweeted
๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ โ€” ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ($ASIX) ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฑ $๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฑ, ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ด๐—ต๐—น๐˜† ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ณ ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜€ $๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿฑ๐Ÿญ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ธ ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ. An industrial buyer could be interested in the plants, the fertilizer output or securing a supply of nylon. The price it could justify would depend on the cash it could retain. The company already targets $30 million of annual cost savings. Those savings are included in our Base valuation. A buyer paying a premium would need additional improvements to support the extra price. Todayโ€™s report works backward from a hypothetical offer, accounting for debt, diluted shares and executive termination benefits. It calculates the additional annual cash required and compares the savings threshold with AdvanSixโ€™s operating expenses. ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—พ๐˜‚๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐˜†โ€™๐˜€ ๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜, alongside the standalone asset and cash valuations. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ โ€” ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐˜€ $STLA Stellantis trades around $๐Ÿฐ.๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿณ per share. Its last reported book value is roughly $๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฐ.๐Ÿณ๐Ÿฌ per share, using the exchange rate in my report. We're talking about Jeep, Ram, Peugeot, Fiat, factories around the world, more than โ‚ฌ46 billion of PP&E and a substantial Financial Services business. There is a lot of value inside Stellantis, although I wouldn't assume shareholders can recover anything close to reported book. At the end of 2023, Stellantis had โ‚ฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿฑ ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป of Industrial net financial assets. By June 2026, removing the proceeds from the new hybrid capital, my calculation gets closer to โ‚ฌ๐Ÿฑ.๐Ÿญ ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป. They also completed a โ‚ฌ3 billion buyback in 2024, recorded โ‚ฌ11.645 billion of new warranty provisions in 2025 and have spent billions restructuring the business. But Stellantis is still selling millions of vehicles. Q2 generated โ‚ฌ1 billion of positive Industrial free cash flow. The latest Q3 shipments were down 12% in North America and up 10% in Europe. I want to see what those volumes produced in operating profit, what happened to dealer incentives and how much cash was left after the remaining restructuring payments. ๐—ข๐—ฐ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿด will give us another set of financial numbers. At these prices, I find Stellantis very interesting. I also think you can make a serious mistake buying an automaker simply because its reported assets are worth several times the stock price. I went through the Industrial balance sheet, debt maturities, hybrids, Financial Services, warranty, factories, regional profitability and capital allocation. I then calculated what different levels of recovery would mean per share, including what happens if the turnaround only partly works. ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ณ๐˜‚๐—น๐—น ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ฑ ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—”๐—š๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง๐—ฆ ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ $STLA
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FRAGMENTS Value retweeted
๐—ซ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜… $XRX ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ง๐—˜๐—˜๐—ฃ๐—ข ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—น๐—น ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ซ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜…โ€™๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฏ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐˜ $๐Ÿณ.๐Ÿฒ๐Ÿต ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ซ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜… ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ. Its October 19 letter asks for clearer financial reporting and a formal strategic review. The fund wants an update during the October 29 earnings call. The business finances customers buying equipment. It earns income from those loans while Xerox pays interest on the borrowing behind them. An outright sale would raise cash and transfer future income to the buyer. How much Xerox keeps would depend on the funding that has to be repaid, transaction costs and taxes. Those numbers also help shareholders compare a sale with bringing in a financing partner. ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—”๐—š๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง๐—ฆ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜„๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜ ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฑ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ after debt, retirement funding and preferred shares. It also tests how buying back discounted bonds and issuing shares through warrants could change that value. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐—ซ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜… $XRX ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ง๐—˜๐—˜๐—ฃ๐—ข ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—น๐—น ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ซ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜…โ€™๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฏ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐˜ $๐Ÿณ.๐Ÿฒ๐Ÿต ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ซ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜… ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ. Its October 19 letter asks for clearer financial reporting and a formal strategic review. The fund wants an update during the October 29 earnings call. The business finances customers buying equipment. It earns income from those loans while Xerox pays interest on the borrowing behind them. An outright sale would raise cash and transfer future income to the buyer. How much Xerox keeps would depend on the funding that has to be repaid, transaction costs and taxes. Those numbers also help shareholders compare a sale with bringing in a financing partner. ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—”๐—š๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง๐—ฆ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜„๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜ ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฑ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ after debt, retirement funding and preferred shares. It also tests how buying back discounted bonds and issuing shares through warrants could change that value. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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FRAGMENTS Value retweeted
Cable One โ€” $6 a Share and a $480 Million Fight Cable One trades around $6 a share, valuing the entire common equity at roughly $34 million. Meanwhile, one of its largest lenders has gone to federal court to stop the company from paying $480 million for the remaining 55% of MBI. According to Cable One's own accounting for the purchase obligation, that interest has an implied equity value of approximately $54 million. MBI also carries an estimated $920 million in net debt. I find the history behind this transaction even more interesting. Going back to 2020, MBI borrowed money to pay distributions to its owners. Cable One later amended the purchase agreement, allowing additional money to reach those owners while delaying the final payment. Now the business is losing customers, generating less cash, and GTCR is involved in a proposed refinancing that could completely change Cable One's financial position. The stock has lost roughly half its value since Cable One announced a plan to address $2.45 billion in financial obligations. The broadband business still generates cash, but the terms of the refinancing could determine how much of its value belongs to today's shareholders. Our Cable One Special Situation report goes through the agreements, the money paid to MBI's owners, the actual cash generated by both businesses, the debt maturities and what could happen if GTCR receives Cable One shares. At $6, with only 5.67 million shares outstanding, the potential dilution deserves as much attention as the value of the assets. $CABO Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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Cable One โ€” $6 a Share and a $480 Million Fight Cable One trades around $6 a share, valuing the entire common equity at roughly $34 million. Meanwhile, one of its largest lenders has gone to federal court to stop the company from paying $480 million for the remaining 55% of MBI. According to Cable One's own accounting for the purchase obligation, that interest has an implied equity value of approximately $54 million. MBI also carries an estimated $920 million in net debt. I find the history behind this transaction even more interesting. Going back to 2020, MBI borrowed money to pay distributions to its owners. Cable One later amended the purchase agreement, allowing additional money to reach those owners while delaying the final payment. Now the business is losing customers, generating less cash, and GTCR is involved in a proposed refinancing that could completely change Cable One's financial position. The stock has lost roughly half its value since Cable One announced a plan to address $2.45 billion in financial obligations. The broadband business still generates cash, but the terms of the refinancing could determine how much of its value belongs to today's shareholders. Our Cable One Special Situation report goes through the agreements, the money paid to MBI's owners, the actual cash generated by both businesses, the debt maturities and what could happen if GTCR receives Cable One shares. At $6, with only 5.67 million shares outstanding, the potential dilution deserves as much attention as the value of the assets. $CABO Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ โ€” ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ($ASIX) ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฑ $๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฑ, ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ด๐—ต๐—น๐˜† ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ณ ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜€ $๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿฑ๐Ÿญ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ธ ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ. An industrial buyer could be interested in the plants, the fertilizer output or securing a supply of nylon. The price it could justify would depend on the cash it could retain. The company already targets $30 million of annual cost savings. Those savings are included in our Base valuation. A buyer paying a premium would need additional improvements to support the extra price. Todayโ€™s report works backward from a hypothetical offer, accounting for debt, diluted shares and executive termination benefits. It calculates the additional annual cash required and compares the savings threshold with AdvanSixโ€™s operating expenses. ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—พ๐˜‚๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐˜†โ€™๐˜€ ๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜, alongside the standalone asset and cash valuations. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป โ€” ๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ๐—™๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ด๐˜€ $FUN Six Flags trades near $๐Ÿณ.๐Ÿณ๐Ÿฌ, while an activistโ€™s September 2025 proposal estimated potential value at $๐Ÿฏ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฒ ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ through a real-estate separation and an operating recovery. Activist investors have pressed for a sale of the company or its properties. A purchaser could acquire Cedar Point, Knottโ€™s Berry Farm and Canadaโ€™s Wonderland, together with hotels, marinas, campgrounds and substantial landholdings. Our published report examines those assets individually, with ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ด๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฒ ๐—ฑ๐—ผ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐˜€, land and hotel transaction comparisons, and prices per acre, room and park visit. It checks the cash needed to support those estimates, then accounts for debt, outside partners and sale expenses to calculate ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜€ ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ. Last weekโ€™s announcement of additional seat belts and an independent safety review adds another investment question for any buyer. The report includes capital-spending sensitivities, insurance exposure and the upcoming Georgia payment. Paid subscribers can read the ๐—ณ๐˜‚๐—น๐—น ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜๐˜† ๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ๐˜€. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐—™๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜ ($FPH) โ€” ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ $๐Ÿญ.๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฑ ๐—•๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ค๐˜‚๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป Five Point closed yesterday at $4.50, against roughly ๐—จ๐—ฆ$๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฑ.๐Ÿณ๐Ÿฒ in reported capital per fully exchanged share. Last night, management cut its 2026 net income forecast from $100 million to just $20 million. I found the explanation on the conference call interesting. Some land transactions have already been negotiated, but builders simply don't need the land right now. They have enough inventory, home sales are slower, and those transactions are being pushed into 2027. Meanwhile, Great Park sent another $40.4 million to Five Point in distributions and incentive payments during the quarter. The company finished September with nearly $359 million in cash and about $91 million in net debt. FPH has the financial flexibility to wait for a better housing market. But waiting also costs money, and a shareholder can spend a very long time owning cheap land without seeing much of a return. I spent a considerable amount of time on this company because the discount is substantial, even after accounting for its complicated ownership structure. In the Deep Value Report, we separated San Francisco from the other assets, examined Great Park, Valencia and Hearthstone, and went through the development agreements to understand how the money eventually reaches shareholders. At $4.50, I still think Five Point deserves serious attention. But I would want to know exactly what I own, how much more capital it requires and when I can reasonably expect to see that value. ๐—™๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—›๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด๐˜€ โ€” ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ผ ๐—–๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐——๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐˜, ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ป? Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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FRAGMENTS Value retweeted
๐—™๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜ ($FPH) โ€” ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ $๐Ÿญ.๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฑ ๐—•๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ค๐˜‚๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป Five Point closed yesterday at $4.50, against roughly ๐—จ๐—ฆ$๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฑ.๐Ÿณ๐Ÿฒ in reported capital per fully exchanged share. Last night, management cut its 2026 net income forecast from $100 million to just $20 million. I found the explanation on the conference call interesting. Some land transactions have already been negotiated, but builders simply don't need the land right now. They have enough inventory, home sales are slower, and those transactions are being pushed into 2027. Meanwhile, Great Park sent another $40.4 million to Five Point in distributions and incentive payments during the quarter. The company finished September with nearly $359 million in cash and about $91 million in net debt. FPH has the financial flexibility to wait for a better housing market. But waiting also costs money, and a shareholder can spend a very long time owning cheap land without seeing much of a return. I spent a considerable amount of time on this company because the discount is substantial, even after accounting for its complicated ownership structure. In the Deep Value Report, we separated San Francisco from the other assets, examined Great Park, Valencia and Hearthstone, and went through the development agreements to understand how the money eventually reaches shareholders. At $4.50, I still think Five Point deserves serious attention. But I would want to know exactly what I own, how much more capital it requires and when I can reasonably expect to see that value. ๐—™๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—›๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด๐˜€ โ€” ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ผ ๐—–๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐——๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐˜, ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ป? Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ โ€” ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ($ASIX) ๐—”๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฑ $๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฑ ๐—ฎ ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜…, ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐˜„๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต $๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ธ ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ณ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ผ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ด๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐˜„๐—ถ๐—น๐—น ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ๐˜€. Much of that value depends on machinery operating inside a connected chemical chain. Fertilizer is the largest revenue line, produced alongside caprolactam for nylon. Putting a fertilizer multiple on one business and a nylon multiple on another can count the same production assets twice. Separating them would require new supply arrangements and allocations of shared costs. Our report estimates the plantsโ€™ value site by site, using acquisition allocations and construction projects as reference points. It then calculates what could remain for shareholders after the sale deductions and liabilities. ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜ ๐˜„๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ธ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ-๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—น๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐˜†โ€™๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐˜‚๐—น๐—น ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐—•๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐˜‡๐—ถ๐—น ๐—œ๐˜€ ๐—–๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ. ๐—•๐˜‚๐˜ ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—œ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ? On Sunday morning, prediction markets were giving Flรกvio Bolsonaro roughly an ๐Ÿด๐Ÿฌ% ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ of winning Brazil's presidential election. Lula won instead. By Monday's close, $EWS ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฑ ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น๐—ฒ๐—ป ๐Ÿญ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿด% ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—˜๐—ช๐—ญ๐—ฆ ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฑ ๐—น๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜ ๐Ÿฏ๐Ÿญ.๐Ÿฒ%. I keep thinking about what actually changed between Friday and Monday. Brazilian factories did not suddenly lose a fifth of their productive capacity. Banks were still lending, companies were still operating, and people were still going to work. Yet the price investors were willing to pay for those businesses changed enormously in a matter of hours. Of course, there are economic reasons for that reaction. The Ibovespa fell ๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฏ.๐Ÿด๐Ÿด% in local currency, while the U.S. dollar gained ๐Ÿด.๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿญ% against the real. For an American investor holding EWZ, both movements affected the return. Expectations about fiscal policy, interest rates and future borrowing costs also changed after the election. What interests me even more is the psychology. If investors believed Bolsonaro had an 80% chance of winning, ๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜„ ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜† ๐˜„๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น๐˜† ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ%? At what point did a probable outcome become something people were investing as though it were almost certain? I cannot conclude that the market overreacted simply because the factories were still operating Monday morning. Future earnings and the cost of capital can change substantially even when today's operations remain the same. But I would like to know how much of that decline came from investors genuinely revising their estimates of future cash flows, and how much came from people suddenly abandoning positions built around an election result they expected. ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜† ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ณ๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—น๐—น. When I published my ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜† ๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ โ€” ๐—•๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐˜‡๐—ถ๐—น in August, I was looking at individual companies rather than trying to predict an election. I examined the U.S.-listed stocks and the local B3 securities, including their ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€, ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜€, ๐—ฏ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐˜๐˜€ and the risks behind their apparent discounts. With ๐—ฃ๐—ข๐— ๐—ข๐Ÿฐ, ๐—•๐—ฅ๐—ฆ๐—ฅ๐Ÿฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฅ๐—”๐—ฃ๐—ง๐Ÿฐ, I was particularly interested in normalized earnings, credit quality, debt and what ultimately belongs to shareholders. Now I would go back to those same companies and recalculate their values at the new prices, taking into account what the election may actually change for each business. I would rather do that work than automatically assume yesterday's decline was either a tremendous buying opportunity or a perfectly rational repricing. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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FRAGMENTS Value retweeted
๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—œ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป โ€” ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ผ ๐—ข๐˜„๐—ป๐˜€ ๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ป ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—œ๐˜€ ๐—ข๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ? Mercer International ($MERC) trades around ๐—ฆ๐Ÿฌ.๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฐ, putting the entire stock-market value at roughly ๐—ฆ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿฐ ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป. I've been thinking about that number in relation to the ๐—ฆ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ.๐Ÿด ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป interest payment Mercer did not make on October 1. A single bond coupon is now worth almost three times the market value of every share outstanding. Mercer is negotiating with bondholders representing more than ๐Ÿณ๐Ÿฑ% ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜€ ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ป๐—ผ๐˜๐—ฒ๐˜€, with a substantial capital infusion and debt reduction being discussed. The company still has pulp mills, lumber operations, power generation and a North American mass-timber business. Those assets have considerable value, but the creditors also have a very large amount of money tied up in them. And then there's ๐—ฃ๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ž๐—ฒ๐—น๐—น๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ด, whose reporting group owns roughly ๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฌ% ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ. He was still buying shares earlier this year, even as the financial problems were becoming increasingly obvious. I'm particularly interested in what happens to his position in a recapitalization. With that much ownership, he has influence, but he still has to negotiate around the banks and bondholders. In my ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—”๐—š๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง๐—ฆ ๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐——๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ, I went through the major mills individually, put values on the assets, examined the German and Canadian debt facilities, the collateral, the bonds and what different transactions could leave for shareholders. At around fourteen cents, the potential percentage gains might look enormous. But I would want to know what percentage of Mercer today's shareholders could actually own after the creditors agree to a deal. The full ๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—œ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐——๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ is available on FRAGMENTS. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—œ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป โ€” ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ผ ๐—ข๐˜„๐—ป๐˜€ ๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ป ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—œ๐˜€ ๐—ข๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ? Mercer International ($MERC) trades around ๐—ฆ๐Ÿฌ.๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฐ, putting the entire stock-market value at roughly ๐—ฆ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿฐ ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป. I've been thinking about that number in relation to the ๐—ฆ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ.๐Ÿด ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป interest payment Mercer did not make on October 1. A single bond coupon is now worth almost three times the market value of every share outstanding. Mercer is negotiating with bondholders representing more than ๐Ÿณ๐Ÿฑ% ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜€ ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ป๐—ผ๐˜๐—ฒ๐˜€, with a substantial capital infusion and debt reduction being discussed. The company still has pulp mills, lumber operations, power generation and a North American mass-timber business. Those assets have considerable value, but the creditors also have a very large amount of money tied up in them. And then there's ๐—ฃ๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ž๐—ฒ๐—น๐—น๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ด, whose reporting group owns roughly ๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฌ% ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ. He was still buying shares earlier this year, even as the financial problems were becoming increasingly obvious. I'm particularly interested in what happens to his position in a recapitalization. With that much ownership, he has influence, but he still has to negotiate around the banks and bondholders. In my ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—”๐—š๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง๐—ฆ ๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐——๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ, I went through the major mills individually, put values on the assets, examined the German and Canadian debt facilities, the collateral, the bonds and what different transactions could leave for shareholders. At around fourteen cents, the potential percentage gains might look enormous. But I would want to know what percentage of Mercer today's shareholders could actually own after the creditors agree to a deal. The full ๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—œ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐——๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ is available on FRAGMENTS. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ โ€” ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ($ASIX) ๐—”๐—ฑ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜… ๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฑ $๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฑ ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜€๐˜ $๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿฑ๐Ÿญ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ธ ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ. ๐—ง๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ธ ๐—ถ๐˜€ $๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฒ. It owns five American chemical plants, with fertilizer now its largest revenue line. Across 2023โ€“2025, the business generated just $18 million of free cash flow before other investment and dividends. Most of the operating cash went back into the plants. Todayโ€™s report investigates whether the discount sufficiently accounts for that spending. We value the production assets using industrial transactions and construction costs, deduct the obligations attached to the business, and test the result against its cash generation. The full Deep Value Report is now available, including our Bear, Base and Bull valuation ranges. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ โ€” ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐˜€ ($STLA) Stellantis trades around $๐Ÿฐ.๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿณ per share. Its last reported book value is roughly $๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฐ.๐Ÿณ๐Ÿฌ per share, using the exchange rate in my report. We're talking about Jeep, Ram, Peugeot, Fiat, factories around the world, more than โ‚ฌ46 billion of PP&E and a substantial Financial Services business. There is a lot of value inside Stellantis, although I wouldn't assume shareholders can recover anything close to reported book. At the end of 2023, Stellantis had โ‚ฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿต.๐Ÿฑ ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป of Industrial net financial assets. By June 2026, removing the proceeds from the new hybrid capital, my calculation gets closer to โ‚ฌ๐Ÿฑ.๐Ÿญ ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป. They also completed a โ‚ฌ3 billion buyback in 2024, recorded โ‚ฌ11.645 billion of new warranty provisions in 2025 and have spent billions restructuring the business. But Stellantis is still selling millions of vehicles. Q2 generated โ‚ฌ1 billion of positive Industrial free cash flow. The latest Q3 shipments were down 12% in North America and up 10% in Europe. I want to see what those volumes produced in operating profit, what happened to dealer incentives and how much cash was left after the remaining restructuring payments. ๐—ข๐—ฐ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿด will give us another set of financial numbers. At these prices, I find Stellantis very interesting. I also think you can make a serious mistake buying an automaker simply because its reported assets are worth several times the stock price. I went through the Industrial balance sheet, debt maturities, hybrids, Financial Services, warranty, factories, regional profitability and capital allocation. I then calculated what different levels of recovery would mean per share, including what happens if the turnaround only partly works. ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ณ๐˜‚๐—น๐—น ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฉ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ฑ ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—”๐—š๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง๐—ฆ ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ $STLA
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FRAGMENTS Value retweeted
๐—–๐—ฎ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ข๐—ป๐—ฒ $CABO โ€” $๐Ÿฒ ๐—ฎ ๐—ฆ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฎ $๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿด๐Ÿฌ ๐— ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—™๐—ถ๐—ด๐—ต๐˜ Cable One's entire common equity is worth roughly ๐—ผ๐—ป๐—น๐˜† $๐Ÿฏ๐Ÿฐ ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป. Meanwhile, the company is trying to pay ๐—บ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฐ ๐˜๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜ ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐˜ โ€” $480 million โ€” for the remaining 55% of MBI, even though its own accounting implies an equity value of approximately $54 million for that interest. MBI also carries an estimated ๐—บ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ป $๐Ÿต๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฌ ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜ ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฏ๐˜. One of Cable One's largest secured lenders has gone to federal court to stop the payment. I went back through the agreements to understand how they got here. Since 2020, MBI has borrowed money and distributed cash to its owners, while Cable One and the sellers renegotiated their purchase arrangements. The owners received substantial payments along the way. Today, the business has fewer customers, generates considerably less cash after capex and still has an enormous amount of debt. Now Cable One is trying to refinance roughly ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ผ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ถ๐—ด๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€, with GTCR involved in the negotiations. Depending on how that financing is structured, today's shareholders could end up owning a much smaller percentage of the company. What caught my attention was how much the answer changes once you work through the actual agreements instead of just looking at the stock price. For our latest ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—”๐—š๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง๐—ฆ ๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฆ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป, I traced the payments back to 2020, examined the cash flow and debt maturities, and calculated what could happen to the existing shares if GTCR receives equity. I also revisited our previous $24-per-share valuation and explain why those assumptions can no longer be taken for granted. At around $6, there could be considerable value in the broadband assets. ๐—›๐—ผ๐˜„ ๐—บ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ถ๐˜ ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—น๐˜† ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ด๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐˜†'๐˜€ ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ ๐—บ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—พ๐˜‚๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป. The full investigation is below. Here:cundilldeepvalue.substack.coโ€ฆ
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