قسورة

The conquest of Canaan is a biblical story described in the Book of Joshua and the Book of Judges. The plot describes the conquest of Canaan by the twelve tribes of Israel of the land of Israel and Transjordan after the exodus from Egypt. The subsequent period, before the beginning of the era of kings, is called the era of judges. Canaan (date, kĕnaʿan, Hebrew כְּנַעַן, Arabic کنعان) is the western part of the Fertile Crescent. The word "Canaan" ([ārāṣ] kĕnaʿan), according to one version, comes from the proto-Canaanite god of underground fire Khena (Kena) and his wife the goddess of the earth Hennat (Kennat) in early agricultural cultures, and he also acts as the ancestor of these tribes, and later passing into the self-name of the country is "Ben Khennom", that is, the land (valley) of the sons of the god Ken. According to another version, it may mean "the country of purple"; Phoenicia proper bore this name in antiquity, and in Biblical times, the country stretching westward from the northwestern bend of the Euphrates and from the Jordan to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Currently divided between Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan. Ancient Canaan was inhabited by various peoples of Western Semitic origin (such as the Canaanites and Amorites), and Hittites, as well as mixed (Jebusites, which is also confirmed in the Bible), and was a patchwork of kingdoms and city-states at war with each other . Located between the territories of Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, Canaan, on the one hand, was at the center of the civilization of the Ancient East, and on the other hand, was constantly subjected to external invasions. The inhabitants of Canaan were the first in the ancient world to learn how to extract purple from shellfish and dye their clothes with it; natives of this land - the Phoenicians - founded many colonies on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, including Carthage. Canaan is the birthplace of the alphabet that formed the basis of the Greek and Latin writing systems, originating from the proto-Sinaitic script. The conquest began around 1230 BC. [source not specified] The first stage, as a result of which the Jewish tribes settled throughout the country, lasted several years, but the final conquest continued for another two centuries. The main source of information about the conquest of Canaan is still the Tanakh. In the 20th century, other sources also appeared: information from the deciphered texts of neighboring countries and the results of archaeological excavations. Based on archaeological research, the book of Joshua has little historical value. The archaeological record does not confirm the emergence of a new ethnic group in Canaan, the conquest of Canaan by this group and the settlement of the Israelites, as described in the book of Joshua. Jesus Nun (Jesus son of Nun, dr. Heb. יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן, Yehoshua bin Nun; in Islam, Yusha bin Nun or Yusha ibn Nun) is a biblical character, according to the Old Testament (Tanakh), the leader of the Jewish people in period of the conquest of Canaan, the successor of Moses, who led his tribe out of Egyptian captivity, which means that we are talking about a tribe of Philistines who moved to the Gaza and Ashkelon Region from Egyptian captivity by Ramses III. His activities are detailed in the Book of Joshua. In the XIII century BC up to 250 settlements arose in the highlands, which were located independently of each other. In most cases, they were no larger than 1 acre and contained an estimated fifty adults and fifty children. Even the largest settlements in the mountains reached the size of only 3 or 4 acres, with a population of several hundred people. The entire population of these upland villages, about 1000 BС, there were no more than 45,000 thousand people. The settlements did not have fortifications, and arose on previously uninhabited places. These settlements are associated with the appearance of the first Israelites. Judging by the archaeological data and the type of structure of the settlements, the first Israelites were nomadic pastoralists who, due to the deterioration of the economy of Canaan in the 13th century BC were forced to move to the highlands to start a settled way of life and grow grain for themselves. Thus, the early Israelites were local nomads who gradually became farmers. The destruction of the Canaanite cities was not associated with the onset of a single military campaign, this is indicated by archaeological evidence. The cities of Canaan were unfortified, and there were no walls that could fall down. Although the Bible describes the destruction of Jericho and its walls by the Israelites, archaeological evidence indicates that in the 13th century BC. Jericho has not been inhabited and shows no signs of destruction. This also applies to Guy. In Lachish, a metal fragment was found in a layer of destruction, a fitting from the main gate of the city, which bears the name of Pharaoh Ramses III. This find suggests that Lachish must have been destroyed no earlier than the reign of this monarch, who ruled between 1185 and 1153 BC.