A Japanese programmer looked at every existing programming language in 1993, decided none of them made him happy, and spent two years building his own the language he built became the foundation GitHub, Shopify, Airbnb, and Coinbase were all built on. His name is Yukihiro Matsumoto. Everyone in the programming world calls him Matz. He was born in 1965, studied information science at the University of Tsukuba, and graduated in 1990 with a head full of ideas about what programming languages could be and a quiet frustration with what they actually were. He knew Perl. He did not like it. He said it had the smell of a toy language. He knew Python. He did not like it either, because he felt its object-oriented features were add-ons bolted onto a language that was not designed around them from the start. He wanted something that was genuinely, completely object-oriented, easy to use, and built for the person writing the code rather than the machine running it. He looked for that language. He could not find it. So on February 24, 1993, he opened a chat window with his colleague Keiju Ishitsuka and typed: "Let us decide the codename now." They wanted to name it after a gemstone, inspired by Perl. Ishitsuka suggested Coral. Matsumoto suggested Ruby. Ruby was shorter by one letter. Ruby won. He spent the next two years building it alone, working through the architecture piece by piece. The object system. The string class. The IO streams. He later said he talked through specific features while speaking to his baby daughter, using her as a sounding board the way programmers use rubber ducks. In August 1993, he finally wrote the line of code that produced "Hello, world." on the screen. The first public version, Ruby 0.95, was released to Japanese domestic newsgroups on December 21, 1995. No press release. No launch event. Just a quiet post to a mailing list. The design principle underneath everything was the one nobody else had ever made primary. Matsumoto called it programmer happiness. He believed programming languages should be built for the joy and productivity of the person writing the code, not optimized purely for machine efficiency. Every decision in Ruby's design ran through that filter. If it made the programmer's life harder, it was wrong. That philosophy attracted a small but devoted following in Japan through the late 1990s. Then in 2003, a Danish programmer named David Heinemeier Hansson discovered Ruby and used it to build an internal project management tool for his company. He called the tool Basecamp. He extracted the framework underneath it and released it publicly in 2004. He called it Ruby on Rails. Within a year of that release, the framework had changed how web applications were built. Rails introduced the principle of convention over configuration, meaning developers could make decisions about structure quickly because the framework had already made sensible defaults. What used to take weeks of setup took days. What used to take days took hours. Shopify started on Rails in 2005. GitHub built on Rails a couple of years later. Airbnb, Twitch, Coinbase, SoundCloud, and Zendesk all followed. The first generation of consumer internet companies that defined how people think about software products were largely built by small teams moving fast on a framework that traced directly back to one Japanese programmer who was dissatisfied with his tools in 1993. Shopify now processes over $200 billion in annual commerce volume. It still runs on Rails. GitHub became the largest code hosting platform on earth and was acquired by Microsoft for $7.5 billion in 2018. It started on Rails. Matsumoto has said many times that he created Ruby for selfish reasons. He was so underwhelmed by every available option that he built something that would make himself happy. The programmer happiness he was chasing was his own. The community that grew around Ruby adopted a motto that says everything about who he is. Matz is nice and so we are nice. They abbreviated it MINASWAN. It spread because it was true. He answered emails from strangers. He engaged with the community with patience. He treated the language as a gift, not a product. He is still the chief designer of Ruby today. The language is 31 years old. It is still being improved. The last stable release was Ruby 4.0.4, shipped on May 11, 2026. One programmer, unhappy with his tools, built something better in the evenings in 1993. The companies you use to buy things, to store code, to book travel, and to watch streams were built on top of what he made. He just wanted to be happy while he worked. Did you know Ruby was behind the tools you use every day?